Influence of seawater mixing and curing on strength characteristics and porosity of ground granulated blast-furnace slag concrete

The effects of seawater on the hydration, microstructure and strength development of Portland cement pastes incorporating colloidal silica

“…As stated by Neville (2006) this critical interval (middle and large capillary pores) is mostly responsible for permeability and penetration of harmful substances into concrete. These observations are in line with studies of previous researchers showing that the use of seawater contributes to decrease the total porosity and refinement of cement matrix (Shi et al 2015;Adiwijaya et al 2017;Wang et al 2018). According to Wang et al (2018), this effect is attributed to a faster formation of C-S-H phases in the presence of seawater.…”

“…The chloride ion (Cl − ) content of seawater contributes to the acceleration of the cement hydration process, thus decreasing the setting time of cement (Govindarajan and Gopalakrishnan 2011) and fastening its hardening (Fernanda et al 2017). In addition, a decrement in the porosity of the cement matrix and the absorption capacity of concrete have been reported (Etxeberria et al 2016a;Adiwijaya et al 2017). Study of Shi et al (2015) on the synergistic effect of metakaolin (MK) and seawater, has shown that a combination of pozzolanic admixture along with seawater has a noticeable effect on the hydration process and the final mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete.…”

Behaviour of rubberised concrete with waste clay brick powder under varying curing conditions

“…In addition, there is shortage of pure clean water sources for construction purposes and utilisation of sea water for curing purposes is suggested to be an alternative [ 31 ]. It is reported that there are a lot of archipelagic countries including Japan, Indonesia and others countries, where many people live in isolated and distant islands and transporting fresh water in such locations has proved to be very costly [ 32 ]. Given these circumstances, the use of sea water in some cases and locations is unavoidable.…”

“…First, pure water is scarce in some countries and a possible solution could be the use of alternative curing conditions including sea water. The second important issue with curing concrete is that the straightforward use of sea water in curing concrete leads to reduced properties of concrete [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ]. The performance of concrete in sea water is validated on conventional concrete and behaviour of rubberised concrete incorporated with WCBP cured in sea water has received less attention.…”