Influence of seed size on performance of non-native annual plant species in a novel community at two planting densities

Radny, Janina; Putten, Wim H. van der; Tielbӧrger, Katja; Meyer, Katrin

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2018.05.005

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thereby, herbivore density fluctuates daily. As we observed in our greenhouse experiment ( Radny et al., in press ), a plant dies in the model if more than 90% of its current biomass is consumed by herbivores, and it is removed from the grid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…We distinguish two general types of plants, native and non-native, and twelve species, of which four are native and eight are non-native. Parameters have been retrieved from a preceding experiment ( Radny et al., in press ) and from the literature (see ‘Model parametrization and validation’).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each simulation run starts with placement of seeds on the grid at random xy-positions. Initial native community population size is based on plant densities in the preceding greenhouse experiment ( Radny et al., in press ). In that experiment, planting pots of 18 × 18 cm carried either 12 or 44 native individuals, i.e., ∼300 or 1,100 individuals per m 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The grasshopper Locusta migratoria is used as herbivore model species due to its wide distribution ( CABI, 2013 ) and generalist feeding behaviour ( Macel et al, 2005 ; Schmitz & Booth, 1997 ). We had also chosen this species as herbivore in the preceding experiment ( Radny et al., in press ). Herbivore density is varied based on literature values and density in the experiment, ranging from 3.2 grasshoppers per m 2 (literature value Ledergerber, Thommen & Baur, 1997 ) to 75 grasshoppers per m 2 (experimental value, based on Morriën, Engelkes & Van der Putten, 2011 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field surveys are generally incapable of capturing failed invasion attempts ( Zenni & Nunez, 2013 ), but modelling allows for comprehensive systematic modifications and full control of the setup. Data from a preceding greenhouse experiment ( Radny et al., in press ) were used as a basis for model construction and parametrization (see ‘Parametrization’).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model

Radny

Meyer

2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundEstablishment success of non-native species is not only influenced by environmental conditions, but also by interactions with local competitors and enemies. The magnitude of these biotic interactions is mediated by species traits that reflect competitive strength or defence mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the importance of species traits for successful establishment of non-native species in a native community exhibiting biotic resistance in the form of competition and herbivory.MethodsWe developed a trait-based, individual-based simulation model tracking the survival of non-native plants in a native community. In the model, non-native plants are characterized by high or low values of competition and defence traits. Model scenarios included variation of initial number of non-natives, intensity of competitive interaction, density of herbivores and density as well as mixture of the native community.ResultsTraits related to competition had a much greater impact on survival of non-native species than traits related to defence. Survival rates of strong competitors never fell below 50% while survival of weak competitors averaged at about 10%. Weak competitors were also much more susceptible to competitive pressures such as community density, composition and competition intensity. Strong competitors responded negatively to changes in competition intensity, but hardly to composition or density of the native community. High initial numbers of non-native individuals decreased survival rate of strong competitors, but increased the survival rate of weak competitors. Survival under herbivore attack was only slightly higher for plants with high defensive ability than for those with low defensive ability. Surprisingly, though, herbivory increased survival of species classified as weak competitors.DiscussionHigh survival rates of strong non-native competitors relate to a higher probability of successful establishment than for weak competitors. However, the reduced survival of strong competitors at high initial numbers indicates a self-thinning effect, probably mediated by a strongly competitive milieu. For weak competitors, our model emphasizes positive effects of high propagule pressure known from field studies. General effects of herbivory or defence abilities on survival were not supported by our model. However, the positive effect of herbivory on survival of weak competitors indicated side effects of herbivory, such as weakening resident competitors. This might play an important role for establishment of non-natives in a new community.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model

Radny

Meyer

2018

PeerJ

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Combining trait- and individual-based modelling to understand desert plant community dynamics

Zakharova

Meyer

Seifan

2020

Ecological Modelling

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Seed characterization of Allamanda puberula A. DC. and seedling production

et al. 2021

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Allamanda puberula is a native species of the Caatinga biome with ornamental and landscaping potential. However, its potential is little explored due to the lack of information about the biology of its seeds and propagation. In this context, a study was carried out in order to characterize the seeds and their potential to produce seedlings in different containers. The experiments were divided into two phases. The first consisted in the characterization of fruits and seeds by evaluating the number of seeds per fruit, their dimensions (length and width), the weight of a thousand seeds, the number of seeds kg-¹, the degree of moisture, germination and emergence. The second phase consisted in the production of seedlings in a nursery, evaluating the growth over the days after sowing (DAS) (15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS) and the effect of the type of container (trays and tubes) for the formation of the seedlings. The species A. puberula has small seeds and a significant number of seeds per fruit. Apparently, there is no physical impediment or type of dormancy that impairs the germination process of the seeds. Seedlings grown in tubes were better in terms of growth and allocation of biomass. However, the indication of the best cultivation container for A. puberula propagated via seeds will depend on the implantation project and the specific characteristics of the field. The characterization of A. puberula seeds showed satisfactory physiological potential for germination and complete seedling formation in the nursery, enabling success in obtaining seedlings through seminiferous propagation.

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Influence of seed size on performance of non-native annual plant species in a novel community at two planting densities

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model

The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model

Combining trait- and individual-based modelling to understand desert plant community dynamics

Seed characterization of Allamanda puberula A. DC. and seedling production

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