Influence of Seeding Ratio, Planting Date, and Termination Date on Rye-Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Mixture Performance under Organic Management

Lawson, Andrew; Cogger, Craig; Bary, Andy I.; Fortuna, Ann‐Marie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129597

Cited by 101 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similar increases in biomass production were observed by Lawson et al. (2015) and Duiker (2014). Early broadcast planting is not without challenges as increasing biomass production could require higher seeding rates due to seed landing in leaf whorls, loss to predation, and poor soil‐seed contact which can reduce germination.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Early CC planting may consist of drilling following a short‐season crop, broadcast seeding, or aerially seeding. While data on winter CC biomass production under different planting dates are relatively common (Balkcom, Massey, Mosjidis, Price, & Enloe, 2011; Duiker, 2014; Hayden, Ngouajio, & Brainard, 2015; Lawson, Cogger, Bary, & Fortuna, 2015; Murrell et al., 2017) published data on CC planting date effects on soil properties are limited. For example, in Michigan, Hayden et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of cover crop planting dates on soils after four years

et al. 2020

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Impacts of cover crop (CC) mixes and early CC planting on soil properties, CC biomass production, and CC biomass C input are not well understood. We assessed CC planting date (pre-or post-harvest) and CC type (rye [Secale cereale L.], mix of winter pea [Pisum sativum L.], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa L.], rye, and radish [Raphanussativus L.], or no CC) effects on soil physical properties, organic matter, and CC biomass C input under three no-till continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn-soybean (Glycine max L.) sites in the eastern Great Plains after 4 yr. Across sites and years, pre-harvest-planted CCs produced 0.81 ± 0.52 (mean ± SD), post-harvest-planted 0.59 ± 0.44, rye 0.83 ± 0.52, and mix 0.57 ± 0.42 Mg biomass ha −1 . Compared to no CC, pre-and post-harvest-planted CC effects varied by site. Pre-harvest-planted CCs increased wet-aggregate stability by 17% and particulate organic matter by 31% under continuous corn at one of three sites compared with post-harvest-planted CCs.Similarly, the CC mix had variable effects on cone index but reduced bulk density by 7% at one site under continuous corn and increased wet-aggregate stability by 21% at another site under corn−soybean. Planting date, but not CC type, effects were slightly more evident under continuous corn than corn−soybean. Across sites and years, pre-harvest-plant CC had 0.29 ± 0.38 Mg biomass C ha −1 , post-harvestplanted 0.22 ± 0.30, rye 0.33 ± 0.37, and the mix 0.16 ± 0.27. Low CC biomass (<1 Mg ha −1 ) production may explain the limited CC effects. Overall, pre-harvestplanted CCs and CC mixes had minimal effects on soil properties in this region after 4 yr.Abbreviations: CCs, cover crops.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of cover crop planting dates on soils after four years

et al. 2020

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“…The respondents commented that positive effects on yield stability could only be assumed if sowing date was adapted to site conditions and wheat cultivar. This ranking could be confirmed by related studies, while site, variety type and cultivar adapted sowing date could help to significantly improve yield stability of cereals [13,64,65]. Additionally, a few respondents mentioned that earlier sowing dates (mid-September) may lead to better root growth in autumn, which can improve the drought tolerance of wheat plants in the following spring.…”

Section: Further Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Yield Stability in Winter Wheat Production: A Survey on German Farmers’ and Advisors’ Views

Macholdt

Honermeier

2017

Agronomy

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Most of the available research studies have focused on the production of high grain yields of wheat and have neglected yield stability. However, yield stability is a relevant factor in agronomic practice and, therefore, is the focus of this comprehensive survey. The aim was to first describe the importance of yield stability as well as currently used practical management strategies that ensure yield stability in wheat production and secondly, to obtain potential research areas supporting yield stability in the complex system of agronomy. The target groups were German farmers with experience in wheat production and advisors with expertise in the field of wheat cultivation or research. A sample size of 615 completed questionnaires formed the data basis of this study. The study itself provides evidence that the yield stability of winter wheat is even more important than the amount of yield for a large proportion of farmers (48%) and advisors (47%). Furthermore, in the view of the majority of the surveyed farmers and advisors, yield stability is gaining importance in climate change. Data analysis showed that site adapted cultivar choice, favorable crop rotations and integrated plant protection are ranked as three of the most important agronomic management practices to achieve high yield stability of wheat. Soil tillage and fertilization occupied a middle position, whereas sowing date and sowing density were estimated with lower importance. However, yield stability is affected by many environmental, genetic and agronomic factors, which subsequently makes it a complex matter. Hence, yield stability in farming practice must be analyzed and improved in a systems approach.

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“…As a result, one of the greatest challenges to achieving equivalent yields between organic and conventional grain cropping systems sustainably, especially during organic transition and early years, is supplying adequate plant-available soil N (Cavigelli et al, 2008). Additional challenges in more mature systems include providing N in synchrony with plant needs, balancing P inputs and removals, and maintaining low residual soil nitrate-N at the end of the season (Cavigelli et al, 2013;Lawson et al, 2012Lawson et al, , 2015.…”

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confidence: 99%

Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources for Field Corn Production after a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop

et al. 2016

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Legume cover crops and organic amendments in combination could meet corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) needs while optimizing phosphorus (P) inputs. In a 2‐yr field study, we characterized the N‐mineralization dynamics and impacts on corn grain yield of feather meal (FM), poultry litter (PL), pelletized PL (PPL), and a PPL‐FM blend (PFMB) with or without a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop. The four amendments, which differed substantially in chemical and laboratory N‐release characteristics, provided corn yield benefits only when vetch biomass was low. In 2010, vetch produced 4630 kg biomass ha−1 and increased corn grain yield from 8.7 to 13.3 Mg ha−1 compared with a no‐vetch treatment. Vetch alone supplied sufficient N to achieve maximum corn yield as determined using an ammonium nitrate fertilizer response curve embedded within the organic amendment experiment. In 2009, vetch produced only 1551 kg ha−1 and provided no benefit to corn yield. Three of the organic amendments (all but PPL) increased corn yield by 1.8 to 2.3 Mg ha−1 whether vetch was present or not. Phosphorus inputs from amendments were similar to, or lower than, P removal in corn grain harvest, indicating that amendments would not result in soil P accumulation at these application rates. Amendment costs differed substantially such that economic returns using PL would be considerably greater than with PPL, PFMB, or FM. Results show that considering legume cover crop biomass is critical to determining organic amendment applications. Impact of organic amendments on corn grain yield depends on vetch biomass production. Organic amendments did not increase corn yield when vetch biomass was >4500 kg ha−1. Vetch provided no benefit to corn yield when biomass was <1600 kg ha−1. Organic amendments increased corn yield when vetch biomass was <1600 kg ha−1. Amendments applied at 45 kg N ha−1 did not raise concerns about residual P.

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Influence of Seeding Ratio, Planting Date, and Termination Date on Rye-Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Mixture Performance under Organic Management

Cited by 101 publications

References 32 publications

Impacts of cover crop planting dates on soils after four years

Impacts of cover crop planting dates on soils after four years

Yield Stability in Winter Wheat Production: A Survey on German Farmers’ and Advisors’ Views

Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources for Field Corn Production after a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop

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