Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

Citarasu, Thavasimuthu; Sivaram, V.; Immanuel, G.; Rout, Namita; Murugan, Vadivel

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.01.002

Cited by 213 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In fish therapy efforts reported from many parts of the world, chemical drugs in aquaculture industry have been replaced by herbal medicine (Dügenci et al 2003, Citarasu et al 2006. The role of plant extracts in stimulating the fish immune system challenged with bacterial-, parasitic-, and fungal agents has been the subject of many studies (Sivaram et al 2004, Vasudeva Rao and Chakrabarti 2005, Citarasu et al 2006, Vasudeva Rao et al 2006, Divyagneswari et al 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of plant extracts in stimulating the fish immune system challenged with bacterial-, parasitic-, and fungal agents has been the subject of many studies (Sivaram et al 2004, Vasudeva Rao and Chakrabarti 2005, Citarasu et al 2006, Vasudeva Rao et al 2006, Divyagneswari et al 2007. However, the effect of herbal drugs on the health status of fish has been overlooked in most of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (Silybum Marianum) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Ahmadi¹,

Banaee²,

Vosoghei³

et al. 2012

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Ataeimehr B. 2012. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin extract (Silybum marianum) on some immune parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 42 (2): 113-120.Background. Herbal medicines are increasingly used for their effects on the immune system. Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans from the seed of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is used in treatment of liver disease, food and drug poising, and foetal diseases such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, and ischemia. Although, immunostimulant effects of the dietary silymarin were studied on different experimental animals, no information is available about the effects of silymarin on immune parameters of fish. The presently reported study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin on some immunological and haematological parameters of rainbow trout. Materials and methods. Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), were maintained in 1000 L fiberglass tanks at 15 ± 2ºC supplied with systems of water recirculation and aeration. Silymarin extract incorporated into diets (0.0, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 g of per 1 kg of feed) of fish. The trout were fed silymarin-supplemented diet for 30 days. Haematological parameters, such as red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), differential leukocyte-and immunological parameters such as peroxidase, lysozyme, and complement activities, total protein, albumin and globulin levels were measured on day 7, 15, and 30 days of silymarin treatment. Results. The results indicated that oral administration of silymarin in fish, after 15 and 30 days of experimental periods, might enhance haematological and immunological parameters including lysozyme and complement activities, total protein and globulin levels, compared to the controls. Conclusion. The results suggest that oral administration of silymarin may be useful to strengthen the immune system in rainbow trout.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (Silybum Marianum) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Ahmadi¹,

Banaee²,

Vosoghei³

et al. 2012

Acta Icth et Piscat

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“…Over the years, there have been reports on the antiviral activities of aqueous extracts from terrestrial plants, a few of which investigated their effects on WSSV [3,4,6,7,31,33]. A combination of herbal extracts and probiotics has been found to decrease the prevalence of WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti–white spot syndrome virus activity of Ceriops tagal aqueous extract in giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2012

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most contagious pathogen of cultured shrimp, causes mass mortality, leading to huge economic loss to the shrimp industry. The lack of effective therapeutic or prophylactic measures has aggravated the situation, necessitating the development of antiviral agents. With this objective, the antiviral activity in the aqueous extract of a mangrove plant Ceriops tagal in Penaeus monodon was evaluated. The Ceriops tagal aqueous extract (CTAE) was non-toxic to shrimps at 50 mg/ml when injected intramuscularly at a dosage of 10 lL/animal (0.5 mg/animal) and showed a protective effect against WSSV at 30 mg/ml when mixed with WSSV suspension at a 1:1 ratio. When the extract was administered along with the diet and the animals were challenged orally, there was a dose-dependent increase in survival, culminating in 100 % survival at a concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight/day. Neither hypertrophied nuclei nor the viral envelope protein VP28 could be demonstrated in surviving shrimps using histology and indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry (IIFH), respectively. To elucidate the mode of action, the temporal expression of WSSV genes and shrimp immune genes, including antimicrobial peptides, was attempted. None of the viral genes were found to be expressed in shrimps that were fed with the extract and challenged or in those that were administered CTAE-exposed WSSV. The overall results suggest that the aqueous extract from C. tagal can protect P. monodon from white spot syndrome virus infection.

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“…In this sense, few recent studies have correlated the stimulatory role of immunostimulants with an increased viral disease resistance. Thus, probiotic-supplemented diets resulted in reduced mortality of Japanese flounder specimens exposed to lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) (Harikrishnan et al, 2010) whilst feeding of shrimp with immunostimulant herbs reduced their mortality upon viral disease (Citarasu et al, 2006). Further characterization of the beneficial immunostimulants against viral diseases is needed to control the virus spreading and lethal effects.…”

Section: Modulation Of the Fish Cytotoxic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Virus and Parasites with Fish Cytotoxic Cells

Esteban¹,

Meseguer²,

Cuesta³

2012

Health and Environment in Aquaculture

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Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

Cited by 213 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (<I>Silybum Marianum</I>) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, <I>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</I> (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (<I>Silybum Marianum</I>) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, <I>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</I> (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Anti–white spot syndrome virus activity of Ceriops tagal aqueous extract in giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Fighting Virus and Parasites with Fish Cytotoxic Cells

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