Influence of selective laser melting process parameters on texture evolution in pure copper

Jadhav, Suraj Dinkar; Dadbakhsh, Sasan; Goossens, Louca; Kruth, Jean‐Pierre; Humbeeck, Jan Van; Vanmeensel, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.02.022

Cited by 237 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“… Note . The properties of pure copper parts fabricated using the SLM and EBM process are provided for reference …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidization of copper powder allowed the fabrication of dense parts at the laser energy density of 463 J/mm 3 (or at the laser power of 500 W and a scan speed of 400 mm/s) in contrast to a minimum of 700 J/mm 3 (or at the laser power of 800 W and a scan speed of 400 mm/s). 8 As the required laser power to melt copper powder is substantially reduced from 800 to 500 W, the risk pertaining to the damage of the optical mirrors of the equipment is also greatly reduced. Hence, the surface modification of the copper powder by oxidation demonstrated its efficient usability to produce dense copper parts.…”

Section: Slm Parameter Optimization and Melt Pool Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This causes poor melting and solidification of the copper powder and leads to the formation of porous parts with a relative density below 90% when using the commercially available laser powers up to 400 W. 4,5 Generally, two approaches are employed to increase the density of the pure copper parts processed by SLM: (a) use of a fiber laser with a higher effective laser output power or (b) use of laser irradiation light with another wavelength that is more efficiently absorbed by copper. Although the first approach of using a fiber laser power of 800 W leads to the fabrication of dense copper parts [6][7][8] , Jadhav et al 8 reported that the optical mirror of the SLM machine is damaged due to the sustained copper back reflections. For the second approach, the use of green 9,10 and blue 11 lasers are proposed since the optical absorption of laser light by copper is higher for the visible radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and electrical properties of selective laser‐melted parts produced from surface‐oxidized copper powder

Jadhav

Zhang

Kruth

et al. 2019

Mat Design & Process Comms

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Selective laser melting of pure copper is challenging because of its high optical reflectivity and thermal conductivity. Accordingly, the surface of pure copper powder was modified by oxidation to enhance the optical absorption. The powder with improved optical absorption facilitated the production of crack‐free and dense copper parts at relatively lower laser energy density in both argon and nitrogen atmosphere. The microstructural analysis demonstrated the presence of stable melt tracks without obvious porosity. A very high electrical conductivity of approximately 89% of the international annealed copper standard, the hardness of approximately 93 HV, a tensile strength of approximately 270 MPa, and ductility of approximately 28% were achieved in the as‐built condition.

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“… Note . The properties of pure copper parts fabricated using the SLM and EBM process are provided for reference …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slm Parameter Optimization and Melt Pool Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical and electrical properties of selective laser‐melted parts produced from surface‐oxidized copper powder

Jadhav

Zhang

Kruth

et al. 2019

Mat Design & Process Comms

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“…Most commercial SLM systems use continuous wave and long-pulse lasers working in the near infrared radiation (IR) with a wavelength of about 1 µm [51,52]. Although SLM has been demonstrated for many materials ranging from metals to polymers and ceramics [53][54][55][56][57][58], the processing of materials with high thermal conductivities and high melting points such as pure copper is still challenging [59,60].…”

Section: Direct Selective Laser Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

Tran

Chinnappan

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

166

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Copper has been widely used in many applications due to its outstanding properties such as malleability, high corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities. While 3D printing can offer many advantages from layer-by-layer fabrication, the 3D printing of highly pure copper is still challenging due to the thermal issues caused by copper’s high conductivity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent work on 3D printing technology of highly pure copper over the past few years. The advantages and current issues of 3D printing methods are compared while different properties of copper parts printed by these methods are summarized. Finally, we provide several potential applications of the 3D printed copper parts and an overview of current developments that could lead to new improvements in this advanced manufacturing field.

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“…The high optical absorption of the virgin CuCr0.3 prealloyed powder could be attributed to the combination of two parameters: 1) alloying of copper with chromium and 2) surface oxidation of the virgin CuCr0.3 alloy powder (oxygen content: 1409 ppm) forming an optically absorptive oxide film on the powder surface . As the virgin CuCr0.3 powder exhibited a higher optical absorption compared with pure copper powder, dense CuCr0.3 alloy parts could be fabricated using laser power below 600 W. In contrast, the fabrication of the dense pure copper part required a laser power of 800 W at a scanning speed of 400 mm s −1 . This indicates that the improved powder optical absorption due to prealloying with chromium and powder surface oxidation is relevant for reducing the required laser powers in the SLM process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser‐Melted CuCr0.3 Alloy Using Carbon Nanoparticles

et al. 2019

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Herein, the influence of carbon nanoparticle addition on the selective laser melting (SLM) behavior and the resultant properties of gas‐atomized CuCr0.3 powder are investigated. The carbon addition neither affects the powder flowability, nor its packing density, but it significantly enhances the optical absorption for infrared radiation. Despite the improved optical absorption of the powder bed after carbon addition, a comparable SLM behavior is observed for both virgin and carbon‐mixed CuCr0.3 powders. Furthermore, the addition of carbon nanoparticles facilitates in situ deoxidation of copper and chromium oxides present in the CuCr0.3 powder. Accordingly, a larger fraction of chromium is obtained in its metallic form in the as‐built carbon‐mixed CuCr0.3 part. The presence of metallic chromium allows tailoring of the mechanical and electrical properties by postheat treatments (HTs). The best combination of mechanical (tensile strength of 298 ± 19 MPa, yield strength of 208 ± 18 MPa, ductility of 21 ± 4%) and electrical (87 ± 1% international annealed copper standards [% IACS]) properties is realized for the carbon‐mixed CuCr0.3 alloy after a direct age hardening HT. The improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the precipitation of nanometer‐sized, coherent, and metallic chromium precipitates in the copper matrix.

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Influence of selective laser melting process parameters on texture evolution in pure copper

Cited by 237 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical and electrical properties of selective laser‐melted parts produced from surface‐oxidized copper powder

Mechanical and electrical properties of selective laser‐melted parts produced from surface‐oxidized copper powder

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

Modification of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser‐Melted CuCr0.3 Alloy Using Carbon Nanoparticles

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