Influence of SEM vacuum on bone micromechanics using in situ AFM

Jiménez‐Palomar, Inés; Shipov, Anna; Shahar, Ron; Barber, Asa H.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.018

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Silver paint was further applied to the base of the tooth to suppress charge accumulation during the electron and ion beam microscopy. Small dimension limpet tooth samples were prepared using FIB techniques previously applied to mineralized tissue of bone [18]. Fabrication of small limpet tooth samples was achieved using an experimental system containing AFM (attocube, Germany) integrated within a dual-beam instrument (Quanta 3D, FEI, USA/EU) to provide patterning, manipulation and in situ observation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth

Barber

Pugno

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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187

117

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The teeth of limpets exploit distinctive composite nanostructures consisting of high volume fractions of reinforcing goethite nanofibres within a softer protein phase to provide mechanical integrity when rasping over rock surfaces during feeding. The tensile strength of discrete volumes of limpet tooth material measured using in situ atomic force microscopy was found to range from 3.0 to 6.5 GPa and was independent of sample size. These observations highlight an absolute material tensile strength that is the highest recorded for a biological material, outperforming the high strength of spider silk currently considered to be the strongest natural material, and approaching values comparable to those of the strongest man-made fibres. This considerable tensile strength of limpet teeth is attributed to a high mineral volume fraction of reinforcing goethite nanofibres with diameters below a defect-controlled critical size, suggesting that natural design in limpet teeth is optimized towards theoretical strength limits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth

Barber

Pugno

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

Self Cite

187

117

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“…Samples were then returned to the SDB system for subsequent mechanical testing, with the prior sample rehydration shown to preserve the mechanical properties of the wet bone for up to 2 h in such an environment (Jimenez-Palomar et al, 2012). Mechanical testing of the bone micro-beams was carried out using an atomic force microscope (AFM) integrated within the SDB .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques to isolate specific constituents and discrete volumes of bone have been previously shown to be effective in characterizing the material behavior (Hang and Barber, 2011;Hang et al, , 2014JimenezPalomar et al, 2012). Of these studies, the ability to mechanically test discrete volumes of bone is particularly beneficial for understanding the synergy between constituents while removing the effects of sample geometry (Jimenez-Palomar et al, 2012). Microbeams selected using focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy have been previously employed to understand the mechanical properties of biological materials including teeth (Chan et al, 2009) and bone (Jimenez-Palomar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Frontiers In Materials | Mechanics Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these studies, the ability to mechanically test discrete volumes of bone is particularly beneficial for understanding the synergy between constituents while removing the effects of sample geometry (Jimenez-Palomar et al, 2012). Microbeams selected using focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy have been previously employed to understand the mechanical properties of biological materials including teeth (Chan et al, 2009) and bone (Jimenez-Palomar et al, 2012). This work therefore exploits micro-beams from cortical bone but expands on the technique to evaluate the effects of osteoporosis on resultant bone material mechanics.…”

Section: Frontiers In Materials | Mechanics Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Behavior of Osteoporotic Bone at Sub-Lamellar Length Scales

et al. 2015

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Osteoporosis is a disease known to promote bone fragility but the effect on the mechanical properties of bone material, which is independent of geometric effects, is particularly unclear. To address this problem, micro-beams of osteoporotic bone were prepared using focused ion beam microscopy and mechanically tested in compression using an atomic force microscope while observing them using in situ electron microscopy. This experimental approach was shown to be effective for measuring the subtle changes in the mechanical properties of bone material required to evaluate the effects of osteoporosis. Osteoporotic bone material was found to have lower elastic modulus and increased strain to failure when compared to healthy bone material, while the strength of osteoporotic and healthy bone was similar. Surprisingly, the increased strain to failure for osteoporotic bone material provided enhanced toughness relative to the control samples, suggesting that lowering of bone fragility due to osteoporosis is not defined by material performance. A mechanism is suggested based on these results and previous literature that indicates degradation of the organic material in osteoporosis bone is responsible for resultant mechanical properties.

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“…Removal of material using FIB milling was conducted with gallium ions accelerated at 30 kV using a current of 1 nA. FIB milling was carried out following the methodology previously used to produce micro-beams in bone tissue [26]. The same methodology was applied to the limpet teeth of this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized nanoscale composite behaviour in limpet teeth

Barber

2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Limpet teeth are striking examples of a biological fibrous nanocomposite consisting of goethite mineral within a polymeric chitin matrix. The mechanical function of limpet teeth is critically dependent on the efficient composite behaviour of goethite, formed as distinct discontinuous nanofibres, reinforcing the matrix. The mechanical properties of discrete volumes from a limpet tooth measured using atomic force microscopy indicate how the tooth structure can be approximated as a short fibre-reinforced composite. Short fibre composite analysis reveals how the goethite nanofibres have a length optimized for the transfer of stress from the matrix to fibre and highlight how this limpet tooth structure is efficient in a mechanical load-bearing function.

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Influence of SEM vacuum on bone micromechanics using in situ AFM

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth

Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth

Mechanical Behavior of Osteoporotic Bone at Sub-Lamellar Length Scales

Optimized nanoscale composite behaviour in limpet teeth

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