Influence of Sensor Position and Low-Frequency Modal Shape on the Sensitivity of Vibro-Acoustic Modulation for Impact Damage Detection in Composite Materials

Loi, Gabriela; Aymerich, Francesco; Porcu, Maria Cristina

doi:10.3390/jcs6070190

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, for the pump amplitude of 250 mVpp and the range 240-360 Hz, sidebands do not emerge when the sensor is in position S2 (figure 12b), while they are evident for sensor location S1 (figure 10b). The effect of the position of the sensor on the modulation intensity was investigated in other studies and was seen to depend on the distance of the sensor location from the nodal points of the deformed beam at the excitation frequency [39].…”

Section: Nonlinear Vibro-acoustic Modulation Tests and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They showed that the perturbation introduced in the cracked region and, thus, the modulation intensity, greatly depends on the applied vibration mode. More recently, the VAM technique was used by the authors with a multi-modal pump excitation to detect barely visible damage in a composite beam [39]. The method was found to be effective, though affected by the position of the sensor with respect to the bending shape of the selected pump frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibro-Acoustic Modulation with broadband pump excitation for efficient impact damage detection in composite materials

Loi

Marongiu

Porcu

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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In the past few decades, the need for efficient and reliable Structural Health Monitoring strategies has led to the development of several approaches for damage detection and characterization purposes. Among them, the Nonlinear Vibro-Acoustic Modulation (VAM) exploits the modulation arising from the interaction of two concurrently applied driving waves, namely the probe and the pump excitations, in the presence of nonlinear scatters such as cracks and defects. Therefore, the VAM provides information on the emergence of internal damage by extracting the nonlinear modulated components of the response of a damaged system. Originally proposed for granular media, the method has shown to be effective in detecting the presence of defects also in metals and composite materials. Nonetheless, its efficacy is highly affected by the excitation frequencies, which are usually chosen among the system resonances. The need for a preliminary modal analysis and, at once, the risk of selecting pump-probe frequency combinations with low sensitivity to damage may make the procedure time-consuming and not fully reliable, preventing the VAM technique from being widely accepted as a robust monitoring tool. To overcome these limitations, a broadband excitation may be used. This study assesses the effectiveness of the VAM technique when a combination of a frequency-swept pump excitation and a mono-harmonic probe wave is applied to drive the sample. Experimental tests were conducted on a composite laminated beam mounted on an electrodynamic shaker and tested in both pristine and damaged conditions. Low-profile surface-bonded piezoceramic transducers were used for both probe excitation and sensing. Barely visible impact damage (BVID) was introduced in the composite beam to examine the potential of the approach for the detection of very small, localized damage. The results show that the use of VAM with a broadband low-frequency excitation may be an effective option for identifying nonlinearities associated with typical damage occurring in composite structures.

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Section: Nonlinear Vibro-acoustic Modulation Tests and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibro-Acoustic Modulation with broadband pump excitation for efficient impact damage detection in composite materials

Loi

Marongiu

Porcu

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of sidebands in the response signal indicates the existence of damage in the structure. 103 The applications of Vibro-acoustic modulation include the detection of cracks in metallic plates, 104,105 bond strength detection in composites, 106 delaminations in composite laminates, 107 impact damage in laminated composites, 108,109 looseness in bolted joints, 110 etc. In bolted joints, Impact modulation, and Vibro modulation are two extensively used Vibro-acoustic modulation techniques for looseness detection.…”

Section: Overview Of Traditional Methods For Looseness Detection Of B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on recent advances in structural health monitoring paradigm for looseness detection in bolted assemblies

Chelimilla

Chinthapenta

Kali

et al. 2023

Structural Health Monitoring

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The integrity of bolted joints is still a challenging problem owing to the gross or localized slip at the interfacial surfaces of the joints when subjected to external disturbances such as vibrations. This slip escalates the interfacial movement and, thus, leads to a decrease in preload levels, that is, looseness of the bolted assemblies. In the last decade, modal analysis, wave propagation, and percussion methods were traditionally used to detect looseness in bolted connections. With an increase in computational power, machine learning algorithms such as neural networks, random forests, decision trees, and support vector machines complemented the traditional methods in accurate looseness estimation. Subsequently, this integration paved the path for real-time health monitoring of bolted joints. This paper summarizes recent investigations on looseness detection in bolted assemblies based on traditional methods and machine learning algorithms. The working principle, advantages, challenges, and applications of the aforementioned methods are also detailed in this paper. Apart from these investigations, the latest studies on the Internet of Things-based health monitoring of structures are also reviewed to explore their adaptability in remote monitoring of bolted connections for damage detection in the future.

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To consider second gradient continua as constrained microstructured continua à la Germain simplifies numerical analysis of metamaterials

Spagnuolo

2024

Z Angew Math Mech

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In this work we base our analysis on a seminal paper by Paul Germain (1973) in which the principle of virtual work is used to found microstructured continuum mechanics. Recently, it was shown that a particular considered microstructured continuum can be regarded as a second gradient continuum of the kind studied by Germain. To prove how these theoretical ideas can be useful in applications, we present the paradigmatic case of pantographic metamaterials, in which the deformation energy may depend only on placement second gradient being independent on placement first gradient. In this case, the numerical simulations become more efficient by introducing the Lagrange multipliers which are dual in work of the introduced kinematical constraint, so proving that the viewpoint about stress presented originally by Lagrange is the most fruitful one.

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Influence of Sensor Position and Low-Frequency Modal Shape on the Sensitivity of Vibro-Acoustic Modulation for Impact Damage Detection in Composite Materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Vibro-Acoustic Modulation with broadband pump excitation for efficient impact damage detection in composite materials

Vibro-Acoustic Modulation with broadband pump excitation for efficient impact damage detection in composite materials

Review on recent advances in structural health monitoring paradigm for looseness detection in bolted assemblies

To consider second gradient continua as constrained microstructured continua à la Germain simplifies numerical analysis of metamaterials

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