Influence of Serum Leptin on Weight and Body Fat Growth in Children at High Risk for Adult Obesity

Fleisch, Abby F.; Agarwal, Neha; Roberts, Mary D.; Han, Joan C.; Theim, Kelly R.; Vexler, Albert; Troendle, James; Yanovski, Susan Z.; Yanovski, Jack A.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1390

Cited by 85 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This particular finding is important because leptin is an independent predictor of increasing BMI, 21,22 and is associated with reduced weight loss efficacy, in youth. 26,27 Our finding of exceedingly high levels of leptin in EO children is congruent with a previous report by Freedman et al 5 demonstrating very strong tracking of adiposity from childhood to adulthood in EO youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…20 Importantly, leptin is an independent predictor of future weight-gain in obese youth. 21,22 Therefore, characterizing leptin levels in extremely obese children may aid in understanding the natural course of weight gain and the development of constituents of the metabolic syndrome over time in this group. To our knowledge, no studies have characterized leptin levels in the context of extreme pediatric obesity, and only one has reported on adiponectin levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperleptinemia and Hypoadiponectinemia in Extreme Pediatric Obesity

Kelly

Metzig

Schwarzenberg

et al. 2012

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: Adiponectin and leptin, adipokines associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, have not been well characterized in extreme pediatric obesity. Therefore, levels were compared in youth that were extremely obese (EO) to normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) youth. Methods: Leptin, adiponectin, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were obtained in 277 children and adolescents (age 13.4 -2.6 years; 152 boys). Participants were classified into four BMI groups (NW, OW, OB, EO). Variables were compared across groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for gender, age, and race. Results: Risk factors generally worsened across BMI groups. EO had significantly higher levels of leptin than OB (P < 0.0001), OW (P < 0.0001), and NW (P < 0.0001). Leptin was higher in OB compared to OW (P < 0.005) and NW (P < 0.0001) and higher in OW compared to NW (P < 0.0001). Adiponectin levels in EO did not significantly differ from OB or OW but were significantly lower than NW (P < 0.0001). Adiponectin was not significantly different among the OB, OW, and NW groups. Conclusions: Leptin was markedly elevated in EO children and adolescents, suggesting that this subset of obese youth may be at particularly high risk of future weight gain and potentially reduced response to weight-loss interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperleptinemia and Hypoadiponectinemia in Extreme Pediatric Obesity

Kelly

Metzig

Schwarzenberg

et al. 2012

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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“…* Totals may not add up to 75 because of missing values.† Represents a test for linear trend with the exception of sex, smoking habits and breastfeeding duration (Wald test).‡ According to the IOM 2009 gestational weight gain guidelines 12.§ Based on internally standardized percentile values as previously described 4.¶ According to the World Health Organization growth reference 6, 7, 8. For both BMI and height, the ‘<1 z‐score’ category includes one child with z‐score <−2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, most paediatric investigations of leptin and weight gain were conducted in older children (>6 years at baseline) and have yielded both positive 7, 8, 9, 10 and inverse associations 5, 6. The discrepant literature could be due to the influence of pubertal onset on the relation between leptin and body composition 21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin, acylcarnitine metabolites and development of adiposity in the Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece

Perng

Oken

Roumeliotaki

et al. 2016

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryObjectiveThis study aims to investigate relations of serum leptin at age 4 with development of adiposity and linear growth during 3 years of follow‐up among 75 Greek children and to identify serum metabolites associated with leptin at age 4 and to characterize their associations with adiposity gain and linear growth.MethodsLinear regression models that accounted for maternal age, education and gestational weight gain and child's age and sex were used to examine associations of leptin and leptin‐associated metabolites measured at age 4 with indicators of adiposity and linear growth at age 7.ResultsEach 1‐unit increment in natural log‐(ln)‐transformed leptin corresponded with 0.33 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.55) units greater body mass index‐for‐age z‐score gain during follow‐up. Likewise, higher levels of the leptin‐associated metabolites methylmalonyl‐carnitine and glutaconyl‐carnitine corresponded with 0.14 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.27) and 0.07 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.16) units higher body mass index‐for‐age z‐score gain, respectively. These relationships did not differ by sex or baseline weight status and were independent of linear growth.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that leptin, methylmalonyl‐carnitine and possibly glutaconyl‐carnitine are associated with weight gain during early childhood. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in other populations.

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“…12 . Independentemente da composição corporal inicial, valores aumentados de leptina predispõe ao aumento progressivo do IMC e da porcentagem de gordura em crianças 13 . Entretanto, uma das maiores dificuldades, tanto para estudos científicos quanto para a clínica médica, é encontrar os adequados pontos de corte para a avaliação da leptinemia.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified