Influence of Sex and Age on the Cortisol Content of Peripheral Tissues and Adrenal Glands in the Guinea-Pig

Fazekas, A. T. A.; Homoki, J.; Teller, W. M.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0610273

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Females tended to have higher plasma cortisol concentrations than did males. A similar gender difference has been observed in mature guinea pigs (Fazekas, Homoki, & Teller, 1974), but is unusual for younger animals of this species (Dalle & Delost, 1974;Dalle, El Hani, & Delost, 1980;Fazekas et al, 1974). We also found that male infants vocalized more than did females during exposure to the novel environment in Experiment 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hennessy

Ritchey

1987

Developmental Psychobiology

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Infant guinea pigs, 11/12 and 18/19 days of age, exhibited high rates of vocalizing and increases in plasma concentrations of cortisol when separated from their mothers for 30 min in a novel environment (unfamiliar cage in an unfamiliar room). Levels of vocalizations and plasma cortisol were significantly reduced when the pup was exposed to the novel environment with its own conscious or anesthetized mother, but not when it was exposed with an unfamiliar anesthetized lactating female. Pups spent equivalent amounts of time in physical contact with their own conscious mother, their own anesthetized mother and an unfamiliar anesthetized lactating female. Unexpectedly, when the unfamiliar cage was placed in an environmental chamber during separation, pups showed negligible increases in vocalizations and plasma cortisol levels, even when administered footshock just prior to exposure. These findings demonstrate that guinea pig pups exhibit adrenocorticoid as well as behavioral responses to maternal separation, provide further evidence for the existence of filial attachment in this species, and document an unexpected role of the test environment in determining responses during maternal separation. The guinea pig may afford a rodent model for examining the effects of attachment-object separation on the activity of the pituitary-adrenal system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hennessy

Ritchey

1987

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Some other reports on cortisol levels in conscious, non-stressed guinea-pigs have given values lower thati those in this study. Blood cortisol concentrations in the present study were 19-3 /u,g/100 ml for males and 31-8 fig/100 ml for females compared with Malinowska and Nathanielsz's (1974) value for male plasma of 8-4 /Ag/100 ml and that of Fazekas, Homoki and Teller (1974) of 7-5 fig/lOO ml plasma for males and 12-6 /i,g/100 ml plasma for females. Speculative reasons for this discrepancy in cortisol values could include genetic differences in corticosteroid synthesis or metabolism, as has been demonstrated in guinea-pigs by Burstein, Kimbal and Bhavnani (1963) or strain differences in plasma corticosteroid-binding capacity as has been mentioned in the review by Shire (1974).…”

Section: Disgussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Regulation of Aldosterone in the Guinea‐pig — Effect of Oestrus Cycle, Pregnancy and Sodium Status

Whipp

Wintour

et al. 1976

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. The blood concentrations of aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol were measured in conscious, non-stressed guinea-pigs using a double isotope dilution derivative assay procedure. Aldosterone levels in the guinea-pig were high when compared with those of other species. The concentration of aldosterone, 37-9, ± 15-9 ng/100 ml {x ± SD), and cortisol, 31-8 ± 10-1 ng/100 ml, found in non-pregnant females on a moderate sodium intake was significantly greater than in males (aldosterone 22-2 ± 2-4 ng/100 ml and cortisol 19-3 ± 5-7 ng/100 ml). There was no sex difference in corticosterone concentration; females, 0-25 ± 0-06 ttg/100 ml and males, 0-23 ± 0-10 Mg/100 ml. The oestrus cycle had no effect on levels of the three steroids measured. Two thirds of the way through the 68-day gestation period aldosterone levels were significantly elevated compared with non-pregnant values (68-7 ± 50-9 ng/100 ml versus 37-9 ± 15-9 ng/100 ml, p < 0-05). Values at day 20 (33-2 ± 11-7 ng/100 ml) and day 60 of gestation (51-9 i 21-7 ng/100 ml) were similar to those of non-pregnant animals. Cortisol and corticosterone levels were significantly elevated at 20 days gestation and they continued to rise until, at day 60, cortisol was 9 times and corticosterone 4 times higher than the non-pregnant values. Compared with a moderate Na intake, salt loading suppressed aldosterone levels and Na restriction raised them.

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“…Such a dimorphism develops during the period of puberty ) and occurs also in the adult animal with differences in plasma cortisol levels (Fazekas et al 1974), in cortisol-binding affinities (Diamond, Rust & Westphal, 1969) and in cortisol catabolism (Greiner, Kramer & Colby, 1976;Manin & Delost, 1977). Our present study has shown that testosterone alone is involved in the induction of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In guinea-pigs, sexual dimorphism has been observed with lower plasma levels of cortisol in male than in female adult animals (Fazekas, Homoki & Teller, 1974;Manin & Delost, 1977) and during puberty (El Hani & Delost, 1974). Since plasma concentrations of cortisol represent a balance between adrenal input to and clearance from the circulation, information is required concerning the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of corticosteroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Testosterone in the Sexual Dimorphism of Adrenal Activity at Puberty in the Guinea-Pig

Hani¹,

Dalle²,

Delost³

1980

Journal of Endocrinology

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Sexual dimorphism in adrenal activity appeared during the pubertal period of the guinea-pig with plasma levels and binding of cortisol lower in male guinea-pigs compared with female, and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of cortisol higher in male than in female animals. Gonadectomy of female guinea-pigs did not change the values of the parameters regulating adrenal activity. Castration of male guinea-pigs caused a rise in plasma cortisol levels by increasing the binding capacity of transcortin for cortisol and by decreasing cortisol MCR. Treatment of females with testosterone from day 24 produced a drop on day 50 in plasma cortisol levels following a decreased binding capacity of transcortin for cortisol and at the same time as cortisol MCR increased. Furthermore, the adrenal response to stress was higher in castrated than in control males and lower in testosterone-treated females compared with control females. Testosterone appeared to be the hormone responsible for sexual dimorphism in adrenal activity in the pubertal guinea-pig.

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Influence of Sex and Age on the Cortisol Content of Peripheral Tissues and Adrenal Glands in the Guinea-Pig

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs

Regulation of Aldosterone in the Guinea‐pig — Effect of Oestrus Cycle, Pregnancy and Sodium Status

Role of Testosterone in the Sexual Dimorphism of Adrenal Activity at Puberty in the Guinea-Pig

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