Influence of Sex and Age on EMG Contraction Pattern

Visser, Sako; Rijke, W. de

doi:10.1159/000114623

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is evidence that females recruit a larger number of motor units than males for a given contraction intensity and tend to preferentially recruit new motor units prior to increasing motor unit firing rates. 26,27 Cioni and colleagues 27 observed significantly higher normalized tibialis anterior muscle activity in females at contraction intensities between 20% and 40% MVIC, which is consistent with our finding in the quadriceps muscle at 30% MVIC. It is currently unclear if males and females have different EMG-force relationships throughout the range of contraction intensities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control in athletic males and females

Krishnan

Huston

Amendola

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether athletic males and females have differences in their quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control strategies. Twenty-four people (12 males, 12 females) active in level I activities volunteered to participate. The subjects' muscle control strategies were studied using electromyography and a target matching protocol that assesses one's ability to produce force with control. The degree of control exhibited in the subjects' quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation strategies was evaluated by calculating specificity indices for each muscle using circular statistics. Females displayed significantly lower specificity than males in their vastus medialis (p < 0.001), rectus femoris (p ¼ 0.044), and lateral hamstrings (p ¼ 0.001) muscle activity patterns, but similar specificity in their vastus lateralis and medial hamstrings activity patterns. Females also used a significantly higher magnitude of vastus lateralis (p < 0.001) and vastus medialis (p < 0.001) muscle activity than males to achieve the same relative force level. These findings indicate athletic males and females have differences in their knee muscle control strategies. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control in athletic males and females

Krishnan

Huston

Amendola

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…These differences are unlikely to be attributed to demographic factors that can cause differences in EMG activity , because groups were well matched on age and were invariant on sex. Additional analyses not detailed here determined that cases and controls did not differ in BMI, so that differential attenuation of the EMG signal as it passed through subcutaneous fat cannot account for case/control differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masticatory muscle sleep background electromyographic activity is elevated in myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients

Raphael

Janal

Sirois

et al. 2013

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Despite theoretical speculation and strong clinical belief, recent research using laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) recording has provided new evidence that frequency of sleep bruxism (SB) masseter muscle events, including grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, is not increased for women with chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The current case-control study compares a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n=124) with a demographically matched control group without TMD (n=46) on sleep background electromyography (EMG) during a laboratory PSG study. Background EMG activity was measured as EMG root mean square (RMS) from the right masseter muscle after lights out. Sleep background EMG activity was defined as EMG RMS remaining after activity attributable to SB, other orofacial activity, other oromotor activity and movement artifacts were removed. Results indicated that median background EMG during these non SB-event periods was significantly higher (p<.01) for women with myofascial TMD (median=3.31 μV and mean=4.98 μV) than for control women (median=2.83 μV and mean=3.88 μV) with median activity in 72% of cases exceeding control activity. Moreover, for TMD cases, background EMG was positively associated and SB event-related EMG was negatively associated with pain intensity ratings (0–10 numerical scale) on post sleep waking. These data provide the foundation for a new focus on small, but persistent, elevations in sleep EMG activity over the course of the night as a mechanism of pain induction or maintenance.

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“…Evidence supports the presence of differences in the relative composition, distribution, and location of slow vs. fast muscle fibers in the quadriceps muscles of males and females (25,28). Evidence also indicates that females recruit a larger number of motor units than males at a given contraction intensity and tend to preferentially use a strategy of recruiting new motor units prior to substantially increasing motor unit firing rates when increasing force (5,33). Hence, it is likely that the observed differences are associated with multiple factors including differences in muscle composition and neuromotor control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Quadriceps and Hamstrings EMG-Moment Relationships

Krishnan

Williams

2009

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose To evaluate sex differences in quadriceps and hamstrings muscle EMG-moment relationships when the muscles were acting as agonists and antagonists across the range of contraction intensity. Methods Twenty-two age and activity-level matched young people (11 females, 11 males) with no history of serious lower extremity injuries participated in this study. Muscle specific EMG-moment relationships were determined for the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles when acting as agonists and antagonists during isometric target matching at ten loads ranging from 10% to 100% peak moment. Sex differences in quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation were assessed across the normalized moment spectrum. Results Females had significantly higher vastus medialis activity than males during knee extension trials at 10%, 20%, and 30% peak moment (P ≤ .05). Significant sex differences were broadly observed in the subjects' quadriceps muscle EMG-moment relationships (females displayed higher activity) during knee flexion trials (P < .05). Conversely, no sex differences were observed in the subjects' hamstrings muscle EMG-moment relationships. The shape of the EMG-moment relationships in agonist contractions were variable with linear patterns observed in the rectus femoris, semitendinosis, and biceps femoris muscles, and nonlinear patterns observed in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles. Antagonistic muscle activity increased with increases in moment magnitude. Conclusions The results of this study provide evidence of some sex differences in quadriceps muscle EMG-moment relationships. Conversely, the activation patterns for the hamstrings muscles were similar between the sexes. The consistent association between antagonist activity patterns and moment magnitudes supports the idea that the control of agonist-antagonist activity in the thigh muscles is linked.

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Influence of Sex and Age on EMG Contraction Pattern

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control in athletic males and females

Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control in athletic males and females

Masticatory muscle sleep background electromyographic activity is elevated in myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients

Sex Differences in Quadriceps and Hamstrings EMG-Moment Relationships

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