Influence of Sexually Degrading Music on Men's Perceptions of Women's Dating‐Relevant Cues

Treat, Teresa A.; Farris, Coreen; Viken, Richard J.; Smith, Jodi R.

doi:10.1002/acp.3084

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to expectations and our prior work (e.g., Farris et al, 2006, 2008b, 2010; Treat et al, 2015a), all six bivariate interactions among the cues were unreliable and small in magnitude. The lack of interactions between utilization of affect and the other cues indicated that provocative dress, attractiveness, and sexually relevant contexts did not potentiate reliance on affect when judging women’s sexual interest on a continuous rating scale.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our prior work with affective classification tasks (rather than continuous-rating tasks) revealed interactive effects of affective and non-affective cues based on their congruence: men showed greater sensitivity to a sexual-interest cue when women were provocatively dressed or attractive and greater sensitivity to a rejection cue when women were conservatively dressed or unattractive (Farris et al, 2006, 2008b, 2010; Smith et al, under review; Treat et al, 2015a). The extent to which pairwise cue combinations influence men’s continuous sexual-interest judgments over and above the independent contributions of the cues to such judgments has been unknown, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This prior work was limited in several respects, however (Treat, Farris, Viken, & Smith, 2015a). First, participants were asked to make judgments of only a small number of women and scenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have observed such multiplicative effects in much of our prior sexual-perception work in which participants have classified the woman’s affect (e.g., sexually interested, friendly, sad, or rejecting) rather than judging the woman’s affect on a continuous-rating scale, as in the current work. For example, men’s sensitivity to women’s sexual interest is potentiated when women are dressed provocatively or are normatively attractive, whereas men’s sensitivity to women’s rejection is potentiated when women are dressed conservatively or are normatively unattractive (Farris, Treat, Viken, & McFall, 2008b; Farris, Viken, & Treat, 2010; Farris, Viken, Treat, & McFall, 2006; Smith, Treat, Farmer, & McMurray, under review; Treat et al, 2015a). In other words, sensitivity to particular affective cues is enhanced when more congruent levels of non-affective cues are present, consistent with the congruence hypothesis cited above regarding contextual influences on emotion perceptions (Aviezer et al, 2008; Kret & de Gelder, 2010, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest: Effects of environmental context, sexual attitudes, and women’s characteristics

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Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest were studied in a sample of 250 male undergraduates, who rated 173 full-body photos of women differing in expressed cues of sexual interest, attractiveness, provocativeness of dress, and the social-environmental context into which the woman’s photo had been embedded. Environmental context significantly influenced men’s judgments of sexual interest, independently of the affective cues of sexual interest themselves and of provocativeness of dress and attractiveness. Cue usage was moderated by men’s risk for sexual aggression, as measured by a rape-myth inventory, with higher-risk men (relative to lower-risk men) relying significantly less on affective cues, relying significantly more on attractiveness, and showing a non-significant tendency to rely more on environmental cues. Men exhibited a moderate degree of insight into individual differences in their cue usage. Analysis of individual differences in cue usage suggested that men’s judgments of women’s momentary sexual interest varied along two dimensions: (1) men who relied more on affective cues were less likely to rely on women’s attractiveness (r = −0.73); and (2) men who were influenced more by provocativeness of dress were also likely to rely more on environmental context (r = 0.49). Results suggest that variation in contextual variables should be included in cognitive-training programs designed to improve the accuracy of men’s judgments of women’s affective responses. Ultimately, such training programs may prove useful as an adjunct to prevention programs for sexual aggression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest: Effects of environmental context, sexual attitudes, and women’s characteristics

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“…High-risk men, relative to low-risk men, show deficiencies in attention to, sensitivity to, memory for, and decision-making about women’s sexual-interest, as communicated nonverbally on a woman’s face and in her body posture in full-body photographs (e.g., Treat, Farris, Viken, & Smith, 2015; Treat, Viken, Farris, & Smith, in press; Treat, Viken, Kruschke, & McFall, 2011; see Figure 1 for sample images). These deficits could foster misperception or potential dismissal of women’s sexual non-consent cues as token resistance or as purposely inciting frustration.…”

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Effects of gender, rape-supportive attitudes, and explicit instruction on perceptions of women’s momentary sexual interest

2016

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Contemporary models of male-initiated sexual aggression toward female acquaintances implicate misperception of women’s sexual interest. The current study investigated the effects of gender, rape-supportive attitudes, and an instructional manipulation on college students’ sexual-interest judgments. 276 women and 220 men judged the cues of momentary sexual interest expressed by photographed women; half received instruction on the differential validity of nonverbal cues of sexual interest for estimation of women’s momentary sexual interest. Participants also completed an assessment of rape-supportive attitudes. Overall, college students’ perceptions of women’s momentary sexual interest are compromised both nomothetically and idiographically. Both male and female college students relied not only on women’s nonverbal affect but also on the provocativeness of women’s clothing and attractiveness when judging women’s sexual interest. Men and women showed similar average ratings, but women relied more than men on women’s affect, whereas men relied more than women on women’s attractiveness. Both male and female students who endorsed more rape-supportive attitudes, relative to their peers, relied less on women’s affect and more on women’s clothing style and attractiveness. Explicit instruction regarding the greater validity of women’s affective than non-affective cues enhanced focus on non-verbal affective cues and decreased focus on clothing style and attractiveness. Although higher rape-supported attitudes predicted more deficits in processing cues of sexual interest, explicit instruction proved to be effective for both higher-risk and lower-risk participants. These findings highlight the generalizability of the well-established effects of explicit instruction on category learning to sexual perception and may point to procedures that eventually could be incorporated into augmented prevention programs for sexual aggression on college campuses.

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Sexual‐perception processes in acquaintance‐targeted sexual aggression

Treat

Viken

2018

Aggressive Behavior

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This study analyzes data from seven published studies to examine whether three performance-based indices of men's misperception of women's sexual interest (MSI), derived from a self-report questionnaire, are associated with sexual-aggression history, rape-supportive attitudes, sociosexuality, problem drinking, and self-reported MSI. Almost 2000 undergraduate men judged the justifiability of a man's increasingly unwanted advances toward a woman on the Heterosocial Perception Survey-Revised. Participants self-reported any sexual-aggression history, and some completed questionnaires assessing rape-supportive attitudes, sociosexuality, problem drinking, and self-reported MSI. A three-parameter logistic function was fitted to participants' justifiability ratings within a non-linear mixed-effects framework, which provided precise participant-specific estimates of three sexual-perception processes (baseline justifiability, bias, and sensitivity). Sexual-aggression history and rape-supportive attitudes predicted: (a) reduced sensitivity to women's affect; (b) more liberal biases, such that the woman's affect had to be more negative before justifiability ratings dropped substantially; and (c) greater baseline justifiability of continued advances after a positive response. Sexual-aggression history and attitudes correlated more strongly with sensitivity than baseline justifiability; remaining variables showed the opposite pattern. This work underscores the role of sexual-perception processes in sexual aggression and illustrates the derivation of performance-based estimates of sexual-perception processes from questionnaire responses.

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Influence of Sexually Degrading Music on Men's Perceptions of Women's Dating‐Relevant Cues

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest: Effects of environmental context, sexual attitudes, and women’s characteristics

Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest: Effects of environmental context, sexual attitudes, and women’s characteristics

Effects of gender, rape-supportive attitudes, and explicit instruction on perceptions of women’s momentary sexual interest

Sexual‐perception processes in acquaintance‐targeted sexual aggression

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