Influence of shoe drop on running kinematics and kinetics in female runners

Besson, Thibault; Morio, Cédric; Millet, Guillaume Y.; Rossi, Jérémy

doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1603327

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At initial contact and during the early standing phase, ankle dorsiflexion was significantly weakened when running in shoes without a drop, suggesting the pre-activation of the plantarflexion muscles was greater. The higher vertical loading rate observed in shoes without a drop was in accordance with previous studies that showed a significant positive correlation between the amplitude of pre-activation of the gastrocnemius and the vertical impact peak [7,29]. Combined with a previous study, the results of current study may have significance in preventing pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our study compared running shoes that varied only in terms of the drop and showed that running in shoes with large drops did not change the vertical impact force but significantly decreased the vertical loading rate. Previous studies, in accordance with our study, have shown a decrease in the vertical loading rate when increasing the drop of running shoes or the foot inclination angle [7,28]. At initial contact and during the early standing phase, ankle dorsiflexion was significantly weakened when running in shoes without a drop, suggesting the pre-activation of the plantarflexion muscles was greater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The amount, frequency, and timing of vertical impact force are considered to be the key factors causing lower extremity running-related injuries [4][5][6]. Vertical impact force can be affected by a few factors, including running shoes, foot strike patterns, and spatiotemporal parameters such as step length and frequency [7][8][9][10][11]. Therefore, mitigating the factors associated 2 of 9 with vertical impact force seems to be the focus when aiming to decrease the risk of running-related injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have reported that an increased drop in running shoes promotes a rearfoot strike running gait [17,18]. Running in shoes with large drops increases the foot inclination angle at initial contact and decreases the vertical loading rate in the standing phase compared with running in shoes without a drop for female runners [7]. In addition to the biomechanical changes, a prospective study indicated that running in shoes with a 10-mm drop yields a higher injury rate for the knee joint and lower injury rate for the ankle and foot compared with running in shoes without a drop [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Analysis of Running in Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops

et al. 2021

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The heel-to-toe drop of running shoes is a key parameter influencing lower extremity kinematics during running. Previous studies testing running shoes with lower or larger drops generally used minimalist or maximalist shoes, where the factors outside of the drop may lead to the observed changes in running biomechanics. Therefore, our aim was to compare the strike patterns, impact force, and lower extremity biomechanics when running in shoes that varied only in their drops. Eighteen habitual rearfoot strikers performed trials wearing running shoes with four drop conditions: 15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, and without a drop. Three-dimensional (3D) tracks of the reflective markers and impact force were synchronously collected using a video graphic acquisition system and two force plates. The biomechanical parameters were compared among the four drop conditions using one-way ANOVA of repeated measures. A greater foot inclination angle (p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36) at initial contact and a lower vertical loading rate (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.32) during the standing phase were found when running in shoes with large drops compared with running in shoes without a drop. Running in shoes with large drops, as opposed to without, significantly increased the peak knee extension moment (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.27), but decreased the peak ankle eversion moment (p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.35). These findings suggest that the heel-to-toe drop of running shoes significantly influences the running pattern and the loading on lower extremity joints. Running shoes with large drops may be disadvantageous for runners with knee weakness and advantageous for runners with ankle weakness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Analysis of Running in Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops

et al. 2021

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“…A Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) technique [39,40] assessed the main effects of 'running shoes' and 'running speed 'factors and their interaction, and SPM tests were calculated with the SPM1D v0.4 for MATLAB (www.spm1d.org (accessed on 1 March 2021), [39]). The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Construction of Carbon Fiber Plate Insert to Midsole on Running Performance

Fu¹,

Levadnyi²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Materials

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In this paper, to investigate the independent effect of the construction of the forefoot carbon-fiber plate inserted to the midsole on running biomechanics and finite element simulation, fifteen male marathon runners were arranged to run across a runway with embedded force plates at two specific running speeds (fast-speed: 4.81 ± 0.32 m/s, slow-speed: 3.97 ± 0.19 m/s) with two different experimental shoes (a segmented forefoot plate construction (SFC), and a full forefoot plate construction (FFC)), simulating the different pressure distributions, energy return, and stiffness during bending in the forefoot region between the SFC and FFC inserted to midsole. Kinetics and joint mechanics were analyzed. The results showed that the footwear with SFC significantly increased the peak metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) plantarflexion velocity and positive work at the knee joint compared to the footwear with FFC. The results about finite element simulation showed a reduced maximum pressure on the midsole; meanwhile, not significantly affected was the longitudinal bending stiffness and energy return with the SFC compared to the FFC. The results can be used for the design of marathon running shoes, because changing the full carbon fiber plate to segment carbon fiber plate induced some biomechanical transformation but did not significantly affect the running performance, what is more, reducing the peak pressure of the carbon plate to the midsole by cutting the forefoot area of the carbon fiber plate could be beneficial from a long-distance running perspective for manufacturers.

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Acute effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain

Gu,

Zheng,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundTo determine the effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) during running.MethodsSixteen runners with PFP ran in negative (−11 mm drops) and positive (5 mm drops) heel shoes while visual analog scale (VAS) scores, retroreflective markers, and ground reaction force were acquired by applying a 10‐cm VAS, infrared motion capture system, and a three‐dimensional force plate. Knee moment, patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS), and other biomechanical parameters during the stance phase were calculated based on inverse dynamics and a biomechanical model of the patellofemoral joint.ResultsThe foot inclination angle, peak PFJS during the stance phase, patellofemoral joint reaction force, knee extension moment, and quadriceps force at the time of peak PFJS of runners with PFP in negative heel shoes were lower than that in positive heel shoes, no significant difference was found in VAS scores, knee flexion angle, patellofemoral contact area, and quadriceps moment arm at the time of peak PFJS.ConclusionsCompared to positive heel shoes, running in negative heel shoes decreases peak PFJS in runners with PFP, which may decrease patellofemoral joint loading, thus reducing the possibility of further development of PFP.Trail RegistrationSports Science Experiment Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University. 2023095H, April 18, 2023 (prospectively registered).

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Influence of shoe drop on running kinematics and kinetics in female runners

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Biomechanical Analysis of Running in Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops

Biomechanical Analysis of Running in Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops

Effect of the Construction of Carbon Fiber Plate Insert to Midsole on Running Performance

Acute effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain

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