Influence of silane coupling agent on shear thickening fluids (STF) for personal protection

Santos, Thiago; Santos, Caroliny; Aquino, Marcos; Ionesi, Savin Dorin; Medeiros, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.013

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A total of 2000 Lissajour movements were carried out on samples at a pressure of 0.5 Kpa (standard, C1, C2, and C3). [22][23] The procedure was stopped every 1000 cycles to measure the adhesion of the STF on the samples, beyond the use of 10 ml methylene blue dye (1 g/L) solution by a micropipette. After that, the samples were analysed, which consists of qualifying by horizontal wettability.…”

Section: Abrasion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wettability of each sample was calculated using images and the software Image J. 24,25 Pull-out test This experiment was performed to investigate the influence of the compositions (standard, C1, C2, and C3) of STF in the friction between the yarns in the samples. All tests were carried out using a tensile test machine (Tensolab tester model 3000 by Mesdan Lab).…”

Section: Abrasion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions

Santos

Fonseca

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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Use of colloidal silica suspensions impregnated in Kevlar® fabrics is new avant-garde of protection equipment for stab wounds and piercing objects. Kevlar® fabrics impregnated with non-Newtonian fluids have been used for protection against sharp blows, mainly due to their lightweight, good flexibility, and superior resistance properties. The aims of this investigation are to demonstrate that Kevlar® fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluids could be improved its performance through the use Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, as well as by increasing the concentration of silica nanoparticles in its composition. Friction tests on yarns showed that Kevlar® yarns with shear thickening fluids (sample C3—25% Silica and 75%polyethylene glycol with 38% aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), presented higher strength values (10.5 N) when compared with other samples. Impact resistance tests showed that Kevlar® samples with highest concentration shear thickening fluids nanoparticles and oriented fabric layers (C3 OR) presented better performance regarding to penetration depth of stabs P1 (17 mm), S1 (18 mm) and as well as residual energy dissipation, when compared with the standard and other samples. Addition of shear thickening fluids cause reduction in the flexibility of the Kevlar® fabrics, producing sample with 42.74% less flexibility than the standard sample (C3). Adhesion tests for C3 samples exhibited more stable wettability and spreading rate, i.e., a greater adhesion of shear thickening fluids in Kevlar® fabrics than other samples due to its composition (higher concentration of nanoparticles and superior amount of silane agent). Finally, results showed that the shear thickening fluids composition as well as Kevlar® layers orientation should be used to improve the performance of Kevlar® fabrics under impact tests.

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Section: Abrasion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abrasion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions

Santos

Fonseca

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…When the shear stress disappeared, the material formed from quasi-solid to liquid [1]. The adaptability and reversibility of shear thickening fluid make it have broad application prospects in shock absorption and human body protection [2][3][4][5][6]. In recent years, researchers have carried out a series of studies on the performance characterization [7][8][9][10], thickening mechanism [11][12][13] and practical application [14,15] of STF and achieved fruitful results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological characteristics analysis of shear thickening fluids based on response surface methodology

Zhao¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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This paper analyzed the influence of various components and the external environment on the rheological properties of shear thickening fluid (STF). The single-factor experimental study was carried out with the silica particle size, the mass fraction of silica particles, the continuous phase's average molecular weight, and the temperature as the influencing factors. Obtain the influence of various factors on the initial viscosity, critical shear rate, thickening period and thickening ratio of STF samples. According to the crossover relationship between the shear stress and the intermolecular force when the shear thickening occurs, the STF's critical shear rate criterion is constructed. By introducing the mechanical balance between small molecules, the relationship between the particles' volume fraction and the distance between particles in the suspension system is established. The influencing factors and formulas of the STF's critical shear rate and shear capacity are deduced, which supports the conclusions obtained in the single-factor experiment. Based on the single-factor experiment conclusion, the mass fraction of silica particles, the average molecular weight of the continuous phase and the temperature are used as the influencing factors, and the critical shear rate, shear thickening ratio and maximum viscosity are the responses indicators. According to the Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) design, 15 analysis experiments with three factors and three levels are carried out. Obtain the rheological characteristics of the STF and regression equation between each factor, based on the three-dimensional response surface graph and F-value in ANOVA result. We found that among the interaction effects, the interaction between the continuous phase's average molecular weight and the temperature has the most significant impact on the critical shear rate of the STF. The interaction between the silica particles' mass fraction and the continuous phase's average molecular weight significantly impacts the shear thickening ratio of the STF. The interaction between silica particles' mass fraction and the temperature has the most significant impact on the maximum viscosity of the STF. Finally, according to the response surface methodology experimental results and ideal STF rheological characteristics standard in engineering applications, when the mass fraction of silica particles is 35%, the average molecular weight of the continuous phase is 387, and the temperature is 20 ℃. The critical shear rate of the STF system is 5.84 1/s, the shear thickening ratio is 102.8, and the peak viscosity is 1191.7 Pa∙s, reaching the optimal theoretical value within the value scope.

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“…Several parameters such as particle size, shape and concentration, type of dispersion medium, temperature, etc. influence the performance of STF [18][19][20]. Kevlar used in the present armor involves woven fabrics, which comprise synthetic fibers made through the technique of polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption of graphene and CNT infused hybrid shear thickening fluid embedded textile fabrics

2021

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In the present work, two most important hybrid shear thickening fluids (STFs) are synthesized and embedded into the untreated Kevlar (04 and 08 layers) to promote the impact performance. The experiments are performed to investigate the various impact parameters such as ballistic limits, residual velocities, energy absorption, etc. of different samples (untreated Kevlar and CNT & Graphene infused hybrid STF treated Kevlar). The maximum energy absorption is found to be about 66 J corresponding to the 152.3 m/s initial velocity for 08 layered Graphene hybrid STF treated Kevlar sample, which shows graphene as the best candidate to promote ballistic protection compared to CNT. The results reveal a higher impact performance of Graphene hybrid STF treated samples compared to CNT hybrid STF treated and untreated samples. The experimental data are also validated with the theoretical data and good compliance within around 20% accuracy is found between the data. The present findings can have potential for several applications like soft armor, stab resistance, damper, etc.

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Influence of silane coupling agent on shear thickening fluids (STF) for personal protection

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions

Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions

Rheological characteristics analysis of shear thickening fluids based on response surface methodology

Energy absorption of graphene and CNT infused hybrid shear thickening fluid embedded textile fabrics

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