Influence of sintering on the structural and electronic properties of TiO2 nanoporous layers prepared via a non-sol–gel approach

Schattauer, Sylvia; Reinhold, Beate; Albrecht, Steve; Fahrenson, Christoph; Schubert, Marcel; Janietz, Silvia; Neher, Dieter

doi:10.1007/s00396-012-2708-9

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The presence of anatase TiO 2 was also confirmed from the strongest Raman Eg mode at 151 cm −1 arising only from the external vibration of the anatase phase (Figure h) . This is in good agreement with a previous report, which states that the aqueous sol–gel processes yield the anatase phase if the curing temperature is maintained below 550 °C . The graphene layer supported by the TiO 2 layer was then transferred onto the desired substrates after the conventional etching of the copper foil.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…[ 47 ] This is in good agreement with a previous report, which states that the aqueous sol-gel processes yield the anatase phase if the curing temperature is maintained below 550 °C. [ 48 ] The graphene layer supported by the TiO 2 layer was then transferred onto the desired substrates after the conventional etching of the copper foil. Since it is generally known that the TiO 2 layer is fl exible when the thickness is decreased, [ 49 ] a 50 nm thick TiO 2 layer used here might be highly fl exible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

Jeong

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2014

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We present a straightforward method for simultaneously enhancing the electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and photocatalytic properties of graphene films through one-step transfer of CVD graphene and integration by introducing TiO2/graphene oxide layer. A highly durable and flexible TiO2 layer is successfully used as a supporting layer for graphene transfer instead of the commonly used PMMA. Transferred graphene/TiO2 film is directly used for measuring the carrier transport and optoelectronic properties without an extra TiO2 removal and following deposition steps for multifunctional integration into devices because the thin TiO2 layer is optically transparent and electrically semiconducting. Moreover, the TiO2 layer induces charge screening by electrostatically interacting with the residual oxygen moieties on graphene, which are charge scattering centers, resulting in a reduced current hysteresis. Adsorption of water and other chemical molecules onto the graphene surface is also prevented by the passivating TiO2 layer, resulting in the long term environmental stability of the graphene under high temperature and humidity. In addition, the graphene/TiO2 film shows effectively enhanced photocatalytic properties because of the increase in the transport efficiency of the photogenerated electrons due to the decrease in the injection barrier formed at the interface between the F-doped tin oxide and TiO2 layers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

Jeong

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2014

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“…TEM broadly confirmed the dimensional data obtained via DLS ( Figure , left) and it further showed the nanoparticles to be highly crystalline with 3.2 Å‐spaced lattice fringes (Figure , right); this feature has already been recorded in the classical non‐aqueous process and corresponds to the spacing between the 101 planes of anatase . XRD confirmed all nanoparticles to be essentially composed of highly crystalline anatase ( Table 1 ), as for the classical non‐aqueous process, with an average crystallite size (different from particle size, which refers to the size of the actual colloidal particle, generally consisting of multiple crystallites) always in the range of 3–4 nm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Water‐Dispersible, Ligand‐Free, and Extra‐Small (<10 nm) Titania Nanoparticles: Control Over Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Agglomeration Through a Modified “Non‐Aqueous” Route

Cadman

Pucci

Cellesi

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Non‐aqueous routes to inorganic nanoparticles are supposedly based on the absence of water; here, this view is partially challenged, showing that the presence of water (or moisture) is probably necessary, and is surely useful to achieve a precise control over the growth/aggregation phenomena leading to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This study is focused on the preparation of size‐controlled and ligand‐free titania (anatase) nanoparticles in water dispersion. This is achieved through a three‐step process: 1) production of primary (3–4 nm) nanoparticles from titanium alkoxides (Ti(OnPr)4, Ti(OnBu)4 or Ti(OiPr)4) in benzyl alcohol through the controlled addition of water; 2) thermal growth phase, where the aggregation of primary nanoparticles at 80 °C leads to secondary nanoparticles with a typical fractal dimension of 2.2–2.4; the primary particles are still identifiable as the individual crystallites composing the secondary nanoparticles; 3) precipitation/re‐dispersion in water, where secondary nanoparticles further agglomerate to yield tertiary nanoparticles. The size of the latter and their photocatalytic efficiency is primarily controlled by the nature of residual alkoxide chains; in particular, isopropoxide groups allow to produce anatase nanoparticles with an average size of 7–8 nm in water dispersion and in the absence of any stabilizing ligand, which is an unprecedented result.

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“…The first high efficient PA based photovoltaic device was realized using the following structure: Ag/Sprio-OMeTAD/PA/TiO 2 /FTO/ glass , where Spiro-OMeTAD and mesoporous TiO 2 were used as the hole acceptor and electron acceptor, respectively. The main drawback is that the sintering temperature for anatase TiO 2 has to be higher than 450°C (Schattauer et al, 2012) which can damage the plastic substrate. For low-temperature fabrication, ZnO thin films have been used to replace the mesoporous TiO 2 as an electron acceptor (Liu and Kelly, 2014;Kumar et al, 2013;Son et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness effects of ZnO thin film on the performance of tri-iodide perovskite absorber based photovoltaics

et al. 2015

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Influence of sintering on the structural and electronic properties of TiO2 nanoporous layers prepared via a non-sol–gel approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

Water‐Dispersible, Ligand‐Free, and Extra‐Small (<10 nm) Titania Nanoparticles: Control Over Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Agglomeration Through a Modified “Non‐Aqueous” Route

Thickness effects of ZnO thin film on the performance of tri-iodide perovskite absorber based photovoltaics

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Influence of sintering on the structural and electronic properties of TiO2 nanoporous layers prepared via a non-sol–gel approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO2/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO2/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

Water‐Dispersible, Ligand‐Free, and Extra‐Small (<10 nm) Titania Nanoparticles: Control Over Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Agglomeration Through a Modified “Non‐Aqueous” Route

Thickness effects of ZnO thin film on the performance of tri-iodide perovskite absorber based photovoltaics

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Product

Resources

About

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer

One‐Step Transfer and Integration of Multifunctionality in CVD Graphene by TiO₂/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Layer