Influence of slag composition on cracking potential of slag-portland cement concrete

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Materials from Two Types of Blast Furnace Slags

“…Blast furnace slag (BFS), which is an industrial by-product generated from the Fe and steel industry [1], has been thoroughly studied in the cement and concrete fields due to its high reactivity in alkali environments. It has been reported that the replacement of part of Portland cement, varying from 30% to up to 85%, could improve the durability and resistance to early-age cracking [2], produce high strength and performance concrete, and bring environmental and economic benefits together, such as resource conservation and energy savings [3,4]. Numerous studies [5,6,7,8] with a focus on the reduction of CO 2 emissions and the practical use of wastes have evaluated BFS as a construction material.…”

Stress Evolution in Restrained Ggbfs Concrete Due to Autogenous Deformation: Bayesian Optimization of Aging Creep

“…To directly quantify the potential of EAC, a number of restraint testing methods have been developed, including rigid cracking frame test [22], internal restraint test by embedded reinforcement [23], ring test [24], and temperature-stress testing machine (TSTM) test [25,26]. Among all the testing methods, TSTM test stands out with the advantages of temperature control, flexible loading schemes and tunable restraint degrees, which can exclude the influence of thermal stress and allow both displacement-controlled test and load-controlled test [27].…”

“…Shen et al [4,25] performed TSTM tests on concrete with different amounts of GGBFS and temperature profiles and represented the cracking potential with stress/ strength ratio. Similarly, Markandeya et al [26] conducted TSTM tests on GGBFS concrete with different temperature profiles and found that high early-age reactivity (indicated by low MgO/Al 2 O 3 ratio) of GGBFS significantly promote the cracking potential, which increases both heat release and autogenous shrinkage. Bouasker et al [28] conducted the ring tests to measure the stress development of binary and ternary cementitious materials and concluded that both limestone filler and GGBFS increase the magnitude of autogenous shrinkage but show later EAC compared with OPC concrete.…”

Comparison of thermal cracking potential evaluation criteria for mass concrete structures

“…The restraint ring test [9,10], the slab test [11,12], the uniaxial restraint test (e.g., the rigid cracking frame (RCF) [13][14][15] and the temperature stress testing machine (TSTM) [16][17][18][19][20]) are some common methods in the lab for evaluation of restraint cracking sensitivity of concrete, and other recently developed restraining devices (e.g., drying shrinkage restraining rig, variable restraint testing machine) also have played a positive role on restraint cracking potential evaluation, which can be found in the literature written by Kanavaris et al [21]. It is known that the classical restraint ring and the slab test cannot reflect the temperature effect on the cracking potential of earlyage concrete due to the lacking of temperature controlling parts.…”

“…Chen et al investigated the early cracking tendency of concrete with inclusion of light-burnt MgO and found that the light-burnt MgO being incorporated ranging between 4 wt% and 6 wt% of cementitious materials was beneficial for the reduction of second-zero-stress temperature by 11.4 °C and the risk of concrete cracking was lowered [26]. Markandeya et al investigated the thermal cracking potential of slag-portland cement concrete and the cracking temperature criterion was used [15]. Xin et al investigated early cracking behavior of concrete with different temperature histories and restraints and found that cracking temperature was lowered due to the weaker restraint degree and high-low cooling rate history [2].…”