Influence of smoking and smoking cessation on levels of urinary 11-dehydro thromboxane B2

Abstract

BackgroundThromboxane is a key clinical risk endpoint of smoking-induced inflammation which has been associated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The goal of this review is to quantify the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on one of its urinary metabolites, 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2.MethodsPubMed and SCOPUS were searched to identify publications which report urinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 levels in smokers and non-smokers, as well as articles reporting the effect of smoking cessation on urinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 excretion.ResultsWe found ten studies assessing urinary 11-dehydrothroboxaneB2 levels in smokers and non-smokers. Four papers reported the amount of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 excreted in 24 h while six reported the amount excreted adjusted for creatinine. The meta-analyses comparing the excretion of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane in current smokers to non-smokers report increased levels in current smokers (mean difference = 0.31 μg/24-h [95%CI: 0.27–0.34] and 166.45 pg/mg creatinine [95%CI: 120.51–212.40]). There were not enough publications to perform meta-analyses on the effects of smoking cessation on urinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 excretion.ConclusionsUrinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 levels are increased in cigarette smokers, however, more data are needed to elucidate the effects of smoking cessation on urinary 11-dehydrothromboxaneB2 excretion.

Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm in Two Weeks of Smoking Abstinence: Changes in Biomarkers of Platelet Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

“…The levels of some eicosanoids are known to increase in smokers, most likely due to smoking-induced oxidative stress, and their levels are reported to decrease upon smoking abstinence. Several studies have shown that smokers exhibit higher urinary levels of the AA metabolites LTE 4 , 8-iso PGF 2α , 2,3-d-TXB 2 and 11-dehydrothromboxane B 2 (11-dh-TXB 2 ) compared to non-smokers or users of moist snuff [ 11 , 14 , 30 ]. In the current study, significant reductions in 8-iso PGF 2α levels were observed in only the younger age cohort at both 7 and 14 days of smoking abstinence (36% and 29%, respectively; Supplementary Scheme S3 ).…”

“…Several studies have reported that levels of 11-dh-TXB 2 are also higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (including moist snuff users) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. A meta-analysis [ 11 ] confirmed a higher urinary excretion of 11-dh-TXB 2 in smokers compared to non-smokers, and also discussed several cessation studies that reported a rapid decline in the urinary levels of 11-dh-TXB 2 . For example, 2,3-d-TXB 2 and 11-dh-TXB 2 declined by three days in women ( n = 8) who quit smoking [ 16 ].…”

“…Arachidonic acid metabolites, play an important role in platelet activation and atherothrombosis [ 9 ]. It is well established that smokers have elevated levels of thromboxane A 2 metabolites including 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 (11-dh-TXB 2 ) and 2, 3, dinor thromboxane B 2 (2,3-d-TXB 2 ), which are widely recognized markers of platelet activation [ 10 , 11 ]. For example, we and others have shown in cross-sectional studies that thromboxane metabolites and other arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite levels are higher in generally healthy smokers [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”