Influence of smoking on interleukin‐1beta level, oxidant status and antioxidant status in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment

Abstract

Toker H, Akpınar A, Aydın H, Poyraz O. Influence of smoking on interleukin‐1beta level, oxidant status and antioxidant status in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 572–577. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on the relationship between interleukin‐1 (IL‐1β) and oxidation in patients with periodontitis and response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Material and Methods: Data were obtained from 30 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) and from 10 periodontally healthy controls. IL‐1β level, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were recorded in gingival crevicular fluid. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival and plaque indices and bleeding on probing were also measured. The gingival crevicular fluid and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 wk after periodontal treatment. Results: The study showed statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters in both smokers and nonsmokers after periodontal treatment. Moreover, the baseline IL‐1β levels were significantly higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers (p < 0.05). After periodontal treatment, the IL‐1β levels were significantly reduced in both smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in TOS and TAS between periodontitis patients and healthy controls at baseline and 6 wk after periodontal treatment. The level of IL‐1β in gingival crevicular fluid was positively correlated with TOS in both smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions: Periodontal treatment improved the clinical parameters in both smokers and nonsmokers. The results confirm that periodontal therapy has an effect on IL‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid, but not on TOS and TAS.

Effects of photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: A randomized, controlled clinical trial

“…De Oliveira et al. () and Toker, Akpınar, Aydın, and Poyraz () reported similar reductions in pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The observed decreases in TNF‐α and IL‐1β concentrations were similar between the SRP and SRP + PDT groups, thus indicating that PDT does not have a beneficial effect on the inflammatory component.…”

Changes in Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Following Periodontal Flap Surgery

“…Collection of GCF using micropipettes appears to be ideal as it provides an undiluted sample of 'native' GCF whose volume can be accurately assessed [4]. Only the anterior teeth were included in the study to improve access and to reduce the risk of salivary contamination during the process of GCF collection [5].…”

Evaluation of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity in Smokers with Severe Chronic Periodontitis

“…Oxidative stress, which is produced through serious imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant protection, is effective in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases (3). On the other hand, periodontitis is a chronic infective disease, in which local and systemic factors, including diabetes and smoking change response of the immune system to local agents, such as dental plaque, and consequently affect the progression of the disease (4,5).…”