Influence of Smoking on Thyroid Activity

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Serum concentrations of T4, T3, rT3 and TSH were determined before and after cessation of chronic smoking in healthy subjects. Their body weights were measured at the same intervals. Abstention from smoking was monitored through determination of CO content in blood. Cessation of smoking was accompanied by small reductions in serum T4 and rT3 and by a small rise in serum TSH. Serum T3 was not significantly altered. A minor rise in body weight was noticed. It is suggested that smoking promotes a modestly increased secretion of thyroid hormone, which is readjusted to normal following cessation of smoking. The assumed smoking‐induced increase in thyroid hormone secretion is apparently not mediated by enhanced TSH secretion but by some other factor, e.g. the sympathetic nervous system. The hormonal changes might contribute to the increase in body weight frequently seen after cessation of smoking.

Cigarette Smoke Extract Disrupts Transcriptional Activities Mediated by Thyroid Hormones and Its Receptors

“…39) These epidemiological studies presumed a direct effect of the constituents of cigarette smoke on the thyroid gland, as some components of tobacco smoke have been reported to interfere with thyroid function. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Whether smoking affects the peripheral actions of TH is still unknown.…”

Increasing of Iodine Intake Decrease the High Risk of Goitre in Smoking Men

“…Earlier investigations suggest that cigarette smoking may increase thyroid hormone secretion [18]. The first clinical record of association between smoking and goitre prevalence was published 1984.…”

Thyroid Disruptors: How They Act and How We React

“…These include minor and probably physiologically unimportant alterations in thyroid hormones (Christensen et al 1984;Hegedus et al 1985;Karakaya et al 1987;Lio et al 1989;Petersen et al 1991;Hegedus et al 1992;Melander et al 1981;Eden et al 1984;Sepkovic, Haley, and Wynder 1984;Nystrom et al 1993) and thyrotropin concentrations (Christensen et al 1984;Hegedus et al 1985;Karakaya et al 1987;Lio et al 1989;Petersen et al 1991;Hegedus et al 1992;Melander et al 1981;Eden et al 1984;Sepkovic, Haley, and Wynder 1984), central (thyroid) and peripheral antithyroid actions (Muller et al 1995;Utiger 1995), thyroid gland stimulation or goitrogenic effects (Christensen et al 1984;Hegedus et al 1985;Lio et al 1989;Ericsson and Lindgarde 1991), carcinogenic properties (McTiernan, Weiss, and Daling 1984;Ron et al 1987;Kolonel et al 1990;Preston-Martin et al 1993;Shore et al 1993;Hallquist et al 1994;Galanti et al 1996;Rossing et al 2000;Hallquist et al 1993;Kreiger and Parkes 2000) and also an increase in the susceptibility to Graves´ disease (Bartalena et al 1995;Bufalo et al 2008;…”

“…This mechanism may, in part, explain the diverging results and the regional differences in the goitrogenic effect of cigarette smoking. Although nicotine content in cigarette smoking does not influence iodide turnover (Fukayama et al 1992), it might cause sympathetic activation, which could increase thyroid secretion (Melander et al 1981;Bertelsen and Hegedus 1994). Alternatively, nicotine or other component(s) of tobacco smoking, such as benzopyrene, may have direct thyroidstimulatory actions or stimulating effects on hepatic oxidative metabolism, which in turn may stimulate hepatic conversion of T4 to T3 (Jusko 1979).…”