Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Romon, Monique; Duhamel, Alain; Collinet, Nils; Weill, Jacques

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802788

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Until very recently, almost all published studies examining trends in overweight and obesity over time in preschool children have demonstrated increasing prevalence, 1,10,11,14,15,[28][29][30][31][32] with the only exceptions usually occurring in low income countries. 1 A study of 4-year-old children in a single region in Sweden, comparing routinely collected anthropometric data from 2002/03 to 2007/08, however, found an apparent secular trend to decreasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing trends in overweight and obesity among an Australian population of preschool children

Nichols

Silva-Sanigorski

Cleary³

et al. 2011

Int J Obes

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Background: After several decades of increasing prevalence, recent evidence suggests a levelling of obesity rates in some groups, although little is known about trends in children under 5 years of age. Aim: To investigate the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of overweight and obesity in Australian preschool children between 1999 and 2007. Methods: Child anthropometric and demographic data were extracted from records of routine maternal and child health consultations for children aged 2 and 3.5 years in the Australian state of Victoria. Data were analysed for prevalence of overweight and obesity (according to International Obesity Task Force definitions), trends in prevalence from 1999 to 2007 and sociodemographic correlates of prevalence and trends. Results: Complete data were available for 129 266 2-year-old children and 96 164 3.5-year-old children from 41 local government areas across Victoria. Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased significantly between 1999 and 2007 in 3.5-year-old children (by 3.1% points from 18.5 to 15.4%) and in 2-year-old children (1.1% point decrease from 13.5 to 12.4%). There was no accompanying increase in rates of underweight. Decreases were more pronounced in areas of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence of both overweight and obesity was consistently higher across time in the older group of children, in the lowest quartile of SES and among girls. Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Victoria has decreased significantly between 1999 and 2007, whereas socioeconomic disparities have narrowed. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for the decreasing prevalence, and to better evaluate existing and emerging health promotion initiatives. Such evidence will be important to build on the findings of this study and to transfer lessons learnt to other population groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing trends in overweight and obesity among an Australian population of preschool children

Nichols

Silva-Sanigorski

Cleary³

et al. 2011

Int J Obes

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“…Childhood obesity has been unambiguously linked to lower educational levels and low parental social class, 53,54 and the influence of social factors can seem very early in life. 55 Unhealthy habitsFsuch as high-fat diets, low levels of physical activity and exposure to chronic stressFare seen more frequently in families with a low SES. [5][6][7][8] This was also reported by MacFarlane et al 56 explaining that adolescents with a low SES were more likely to report that they were allowed to watch television during meal times and that unhealthy foods were usually available at home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal educational level on the association between the rs3809508 neuromedin B gene polymorphism and the risk of obesity in the HELENA study

et al. 2009

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Objective: Neuromedin B (NMB) is a bombesin-like peptide, which inhibits food intake and modulates stress-related behaviour. An NMB gene polymorphism (P73T) has been earlier associated with obesity and abnormal eating behaviour in adults. Methods: The association between four NMB polymorphisms and obesity-related phenotypes was investigated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional study (n ¼ 1144, 12-17-year-old European adolescents). This population was genotyped for the NMB rs1107179, rs17598561, rs3809508 and rs1051168 (P73T) polymorphisms. Obesity was defined according to Cole et al. (BMJ 2000; 320: 1240-1243 criteria; eating behaviour was assessed by the Eating Behaviour and Weight Problems Inventory for Children (EWI-C) and the food choices and preferences questionnaires. Familial socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed through the parents' educational level. Results: Only the genotype distribution of rs3809508 differed according to obesity status, as the TT genotype was more frequent in obese than in non-obese adolescents (8.6% vs 3.1%, P ¼ 0.05; adjusted odds ratio for obesity (95% confidence interval): 2.85 (1.11-7.31), P ¼ 0.03). Moreover, TT subjects had higher body mass index (22.8 ± 4.4 kg m -2 vs 21.3 ± 3.7 kg m -2 , P ¼ 0.02), waist circumference (75.8±9.7 cm vs 72.2±9.3 cm, P ¼ 0.006), waist-to-hip ratio (0.84±0.14 vs 0.79±0.07, Po0.0001) and waist-to-height ratio (0.47 ± 0.06 vs 0.44 ± 0.55, P ¼ 0.002) than C allele carriers. The effects of this single nucleotide polymorphism on all anthropometric values were influenced by the maternal SES, in that a low maternal educational level aggravated the phenotype of adolescents carrying the TT genotype (interactions: Po0.02). No association with EWI-C scores was found, although sweet craving was a more frequent cause of between-meal food intake in TT subjects than in C allele carriers (24.3% vs 9.2%, P ¼ 0.01). Conclusion: In European adolescents, the TT genotype of the NMB rs3809508 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of obesity. Moreover, the effects of this polymorphism on anthropometric values were influenced by the maternal educational level.

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“…Similarly, using entitlement to free school meals as a proxy for income 160 , Cecil et al 160 found that it was not that these deprived children weighed more than their more affluent peers, but that in fact the higher BMI was due to shorter height, suggesting possible nutrition-related growth restriction in low-income families. Also, children from families with lower education levels have a higher risk of obesity 128,161,162 . However, this effect could be mediated by confounding factors, such as low income and lower levels of cognitive stimulation 121 .…”

Section: The Neighbourhood Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

Procter

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Whilst the prevention of childhood obesity is the only viable, enduring, cost-effective solution to the obesity epidemic, effective methods for it remain elusive. Furthermore, strategies to influence obesogenic environments remain relatively unexplored. In order to be able to develop powerful population-level interventions and public health policies to prevent childhood obesity, it is important to understand its aetiology and those environments that are most amenable to measurable change. First, the present paper considers why we should be concerned about obesity in children, from both the perspective of the increased health risk to the individual and the high economic cost of treatment of obesity and related diseases, highlighting why the prevention of childhood obesity is important. Next, the determinants of health behaviour and the obesogenic environment are explored, which helps us to understand why the aetiology is so complex and that potential causal factors should not be considered in isolation, as the interaction between these factors is also important. The paper then considers the multi-factorial aetiology of childhood obesity and the rationale for the increasing trends in obesity that are evident, in order to understand what is changing in society and our children's behaviour that is triggering the positive energy balance leading to obesity. The review emphasises the need for multi-level approaches if we truly want to prevent childhood obesity. It also serves to highlight that there is a need to extend the current research base in order to build a well-founded framework to form the basis of a strategy for the prevention of childhood obesity.Aetiology of childhood obesity: Prevention of obesity: Obesogenic environments

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Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Decreasing trends in overweight and obesity among an Australian population of preschool children

Decreasing trends in overweight and obesity among an Australian population of preschool children

Influence of maternal educational level on the association between the rs3809508 neuromedin B gene polymorphism and the risk of obesity in the HELENA study

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

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