Influence of social, management and enforcement factors on the 
long-term ecological effects of marine sanctuaries

Walmsley, S.; White, Alan T.

doi:10.1017/s0376892903000407

Cited by 75 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…10), except for 2 studies with undetermined outcomes [47,48]. There were more reported studies of state regime performing similarly to open access [49][50][51][52][53] than community performing similarly to open access [54]. Moreover, Latin America saw more studies of state regimes reportedly performing similarly to open access regimes than Asia and Africa combined.…”

Section: Results From Fisheries Resource Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two studies [50], similar performance with open access was reported in the absence of monitoring and high resource use pressure. Overall, regime characteristics were not broadly discussed, and we noted only three studies [51,55,56] that discussed positive regime characteristics.…”

Section: Results From Fisheries Resource Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 16 studies reported enough baseline data [36,40,41,44,46,47,51,55,56] and these were classified into poor, fair and good conditions (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Resource Baseline Condition As a Contextual Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were six such studies, although one of the studies did not provide clear information on the regime intervention year [57]. Of the five remaining studies, regime shifts were reported as leading to positive outcomes in four studies [51,55], while one study saw an undetermined outcome [47]. In the studies with positive outcomes, the time difference since regime …”

Section: Year Of Regime Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands?

et al. 2017

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Background: Property rights to natural resources comprise a major policy instrument in efforts to advance sustainable resource use and conservation. Debate over the relative effectiveness of different property rights regimes in reaching these goals remains controversial. A large, diverse, and rapidly growing body of literature investigates the links between property rights regimes and environmental outcomes, but has not synthesized theoretical and policy insights within specific resource systems and especially across resource systems. Methods:We conducted a systematic review following CEE Guidelines in which we collected empirical evidence from the past two decades on the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in fisheries, forests and rangelands in developing countries. We used a bundle of rights approach to assess the impacts of state, private, and community property regimes, as well as mixed regimes and open access conditions. Outcomes were classified as positive, negative, neutral or undetermined. We also collected information on contextual and other factors thought to influence effect of property rights regimes on environmental outcomes. The search covered 90 online databases and three languages, resulting in a total of 34,984 screened titles.Results: This review identified 103 articles consisting of 374 property regime studies: 55% of the studies related to forestry, 31% to fisheries, and 14% to rangelands. The majority of the studies comprised case-control studies but presented limited information on the baseline condition of the resource system. Only 26 studies used before-aftercontrol-impact (BACI) design. We found that property regime comparisons differed across resource domains with, for example, the majority of fisheries studies using comparison to an open access situation while forest and rangeland studies were more mixed in regime comparisons. After critical appraisal of included studies, only 80 studies were accepted for the narrative synthesis. The key contextual factors largely associated with reported positive environmental outcomes across the three resource systems included monitoring and enforcement systems, resource use pressure, and the presence or absence of clear, stable and legitimate rights (i.e. 'positive regime characteristics').

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Section: Results From Fisheries Resource Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results From Fisheries Resource Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 16 studies reported enough baseline data [36,40,41,44,46,47,51,55,56] and these were classified into poor, fair and good conditions (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Resource Baseline Condition As a Contextual Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Year Of Regime Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands?

et al. 2017

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“…The underlined fish groups had significant density between categories. Refer statistics given in Table 3 Coral Reefs (2009) 28:809-822 817 sites suggests that the Philippine reserves have more complex, resource-rich reef habitats compared with the fished reefs (see Christie et al 2002;Walmsley and White 2003). If the current inter-reef disparity of habitat conditions reflects those at the time of designation of the reserve, then this may eventually translate into the disparate values for the metrics of performance (e.g., fish density) between reserves and fished reefs, in favor of the reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Marine reserves are widely implemented worldwide to meet both conservation and fisheries management goals. This study examines the efficacy of Philippine marine reserves using meta-analysis by comparing variations in fish density (1) between reserves and adjacent fished reefs (spatial comparison), (2) within reserves before establishment relative to years following the establishment (temporal comparison), and (3) among reserves classified based on size, age, and enforcement capacity. A grand (total) mean of nineteen 22.3 ha coral reef reserves, protected for a mean duration of 8.2 years, were included in the meta-analyses. The overall density of fishes was higher in the reserves compared with the fished reefs and this difference was largely accounted for by exploited fishes. However, the overall density of fishes within the same reserves remained similar from the period before its establishment to several years following its establishment.Only the density of nonexploited fishes increased significantly during years subsequent to the establishment of the reserves. Neither age nor size of reserves correlated with pattern of change in fish density following the establishment of the reserves; however, fish density was consistently higher in larger and older reserves relative to smaller and younger reserves in the spatial comparison. Furthermore, well-enforced reserves had higher density of exploited fishes relative to less-enforced reserves in both spatial and temporal comparisons. In general, the magnitude and trajectory of change in fish density following the establishment of Philippine marine reserves are influenced by (1) functional groups of fishes under consideration, (2) size and age of the reserve, and (3) level of enforcement of the regulatory mechanisms necessary to sustain a marine reserve.

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Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

Yasué

Kaufman

Vincent

2010

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Well-enforced partial or total no-fishing zones (collectively known as marine protected areas, or MPAs) can help restore degraded coral reefs and enhance fish populations.2. A comparison was made of community perceptions of ecological changes in an MPA with concurrent scientific data on these changes in the same MPA. Such analyses are particularly important in community-based MPAs where local support is a key determinant of ecological success.3. The no-take MPA in question was initially launched in partnership with the community in 1995 and formalized in 1998. The perceptions data come from interviews with community members in 1999 and 2004, the biological data come from underwater visual censuses of the MPA from 1998 to 2004.4. Community members perceived more fish within the MPA and slight increases in catch outside the MPA. In contrast, fish censuses showed a high degree of stochastic variation and only minor increases in fish abundance, size and diversity in and around the MPA between 1998 and 2004.5. Possible explanations for these discrepancies include different temporal, spatial or species frames of reference and/or limitations to the biological survey technique. Other options include wishful thinking, external influences, a desire to please, or confounding with other benefits.6. This study demonstrates some of the strengths and weaknesses of community perceptions and biological data. In order to improve our understanding about the changes that occur over time in an MPA and engender community support for the long-term viability of MPAs, it is important to develop diverse and efficient monitoring schemes.

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Influence of social, management and enforcement factors on the long-term ecological effects of marine sanctuaries

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands?

What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands?

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

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