Influence of sodium chloride on cement kiln dust-treated clayey soil: strength properties, cost analysis, and environmental impact

Ghavami, Sadegh; Jahanbakhsh, Hamid; Azizkandi, Alireza Saeedi; Nejad, Fereidoon Moghadas

doi:10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similarly, Ghavami et al (2020) explored the synergic effect of cement kiln dust and NaCl on kaolinite clay and found similar results. Thyagaraj et al (2012) utilised CaCl 2 and NaOH for in situ Calcite precipitation and found mixing or injection of NaOH after CaCl 2 more effective than vice versa.…”

Section: Ground Improvement Using Other Inorganic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Ground improvement using chemical methods: A review

Verma

Ray

Rai

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Ground improvement will be critically important in the present and future geotechnical practice for designing the structures in weak soil. This paper presents a review of the recent development in ground improvement techniques, especially chemical stabilisers. Various available chemical stabilisers are identified and compared with other available methods. Though the use of chemicals provides an excellent alternative to the traditional methods, they still lack proper understanding regarding their use, handling, application, and long-term effect on the environment. Various chemical stabilisers and their applicability conditions are summarised in the present paper. Insight of biochemical, electrochemical, inorganic, and organic stabilisers is presented with future scope of these methods along with the potential areas where a lot of efforts is needed to industrialise these methods are also discussed briefly. A need for developing a more environmentally friendly and safe method was felt while reviewing these methods. Lack of a large amount of data is a major concern for lesser use of these methods industrially. A lot of laboratory and field experiments should be conducted in different conditions to ensure safe results from chemical stabilisers.

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Section: Ground Improvement Using Other Inorganic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Similarly, Ghavami et al. (2020) explored the synergic effect of cement kiln dust and NaCl on kaolinite clay and found similar results.…”

Section: Ground Improvement Using Chemical Stabilisersmentioning

confidence: 74%

Ground improvement using chemical methods: A review

Verma

Ray

Rai

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…It was observed that using 15% CKD and 10% NaCl in clay soil reduces the e-CO2, energy consumption, and cost of soil stabilization. In contrast, the modulus of elasticity and soil's UCS with CDK was less than cement as a stabilizer [7].…”

Section: Soil Classification CLmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The first one, using an additive's stabilizer in the soil to increase the compacted soil's long-term strength, may take place in addition to the modification. The second one is a change in the moisture sensitivity and texture of the soil during the soil modification, which usually occurs by a change in its plasticity [6,7]. The most common binder material used as a stabilizer to improve the performance properties of clayey soils is cement.…”

Section: Soil Classification CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effect of Seawater and Magnesium Sulfate on the Durability and Strength Properties of Cement-Stabilized Full-Scale Soilcrete Column Constructed in Clayey Soil

Çanakçı

2022

Arab J Sci Eng

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Jet grouting techniques have lately become one of the soil enhancement technologies used to increase the strength of poor soils and resolve most of their difficulties. Seven full-scale soilcrete columns (SC) were formed in clayey soil using a one-to-one water-to-cement ratio and different parameters, including five different pressures (30, 32.5,35, 37.5, and 40 MPa) and three different rotating rates (25, 35, 45 rpm). These metrics were used to assess SC's resistance to chemical attacks [seawater, magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 )]. Additionally, it is also working on the strength investigation (unconfined compression test) of samples after 105 days of curing in chemical solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) were used to study the microstructural behavior and chemical element distribution of full-scale SCs. As a result, chemical attacks significantly affected upon the SC samples regarding pressure injection and jet grout's rotation parameters. In detail, the seawater solution positively impacted on the strength characteristic of SC specimens compared with the normal environment, which is the average strength has been increased 20%. While, considerable deterioration and deformation were detected in MgSO 4 solution, leading to losing the mass and decreasing the strength for both parameters, ranging between -10.2% and -58.8% for mass change and 2.0 and 9.5 MPa for strength, at 105 days curing. SEM and EDX images proved the chemical attacked deteriorations and generation of hydration product with pozzolanic reactions. KeywordsSoilcrete column • Clayey soil • Cement • Seawater • Magnesium sulfate • Strength characteristic • SEM and EDX studies B Hanifi Canakci

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“…If they are not recycled in the cement industry or even used in other industrial applications, these large quantities are dumped into the landfills and negatively impact the air and surface-and groundwater. CKD deposited in landfills causes environmental concerns and is not consistent with the sustainability vision [7]. CKD or bypass material is fine-grained particulate dust collected from electrostatic precipitators during clinker production under high temperatures [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD): Potential Beneficial Applications and Eco-Sustainable Solutions

2022

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Over many decades, cement has been the primary component in construction projects and is considered one of the essential industries worldwide. At the same time, it overconsumes natural resources and can negatively impact the environment through a few byproducts, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and cement kiln dust (CKD). The generated quantity of CKD is estimated to be 15–20% of the produced cement, which means CKD can be induced in hundreds of millions of metric tons synchronously with annual global cement production. Unfortunately, not all materials of CKD are suitable for recycling in cement manufacturing since it contains high levels of alkalis, sulfate, and chloride, leading to excessive concentrations in the final product. Therefore, CKD industrial utilization has become highly recommended in recent research as a potential beneficial application from economic, environmental, and sustainability perspectives. This review paper highlights and discusses the recently conducted research articles that investigate the industrial applications of CKD. The obtained outcomes showed that CKD has physical and chemical properties that make it practical in many fields, such as soil stabilization, concrete mix, chemical treatment, ceramic and brick manufacturing, and mine backfill. They also indicate a lack of studies investigating CKD in mine backfill applications as a partial replacement material for cement due to the high cost of binders, optimization, and sustainability purposes.

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Influence of sodium chloride on cement kiln dust-treated clayey soil: strength properties, cost analysis, and environmental impact

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Ground improvement using chemical methods: A review

Ground improvement using chemical methods: A review

Assessing the Effect of Seawater and Magnesium Sulfate on the Durability and Strength Properties of Cement-Stabilized Full-Scale Soilcrete Column Constructed in Clayey Soil

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD): Potential Beneficial Applications and Eco-Sustainable Solutions

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