Influence of soil characteristics and metal(loid)s on antibiotic resistance genes in green stormwater infrastructure in Southern California

Unravelling the mechanisms of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance co-selection in environmental bacteria

“…For example, Cr 6+ and As 3+ are more soluble, reactive and toxic than Cr 3+ and As 5+ (Nies 1999 ). The toxic impacts of metals are often ameliorated in solid matrices (sediments and soils) since most metal ions in these niches are bound to anionic residues on the soil surface and are not readily bioavailable (Peltier et al 2010 , Song et al 2017 , Hung et al 2022 ). In general, the solubility of free metal ions and organometals is inversely proportional to the pH, which directly impacts uptake into the bacterium, and therefore toxicity (Olaniran et al 2013 ).…”

“…The impact of co-selection is concentration dependent (Zhang et al 2018b ), but the MSC or MCC (Arya et al 2021 ) for most metals is unknown. Furthermore, the MSC is subject to other factors such as bioavailability (Peltier et al 2010 , Zhong et al 2021 ), pH (Sui et al 2019 , Chen et al 2019a ), matrix structure (Zhang et al 2019a , Hung et al 2022 ), and bacterial community composition (Yan et al 2020 , Huang et al 2022 ). Most studies do not measure the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals; this can be highly variable depending on the sample type (Olaniran et al 2013 ).…”

Antibiotic resistance in urban stormwater: a review of the dissemination of resistance elements, their impact, and management opportunities

“…Only one study has researched ARGs in full-scale, GSI systems. 134 Three bioretention cells and three bioswales were sampled in Southern California and the ARGs tet W, tet A, sul 1, and sul 2 were quantified from the collected soil samples. The relative abundance of the genes ranged from 10 −7 to 10 −4 GC/16S rRNA GC and the concentrations were found to not vary across space ( n = 6) or time ( n = 3).…”

Sulfur: a neglected driver of the increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural reclaimed subsidence land located in coal mines with high phreatic water levels

“…The persistent enrichment of ARGs in the environment is affected by many factors, such as metals [ 11 ]. Various metals from abandoned tailings or mining areas will be released to the surrounding environment, affecting the microbial community structure and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance [ 12 , 13 ].…”