Influence of Soil Cultivation and Mineral Fertilizers on the Triticum Aestivum Chemical Composition in the Northern Trans-Urals Conditions

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of tillage and mineral fertilizers on meadow-chernozem soils of the Northern Trans-Urals on the chemical composition of Triticum aestivum. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University (Tyumen). Field experiments were laid out in accordance with the methodology of B.A. Dospekhov (1985). The experiment was repeated three times, the accounting area of the plot was 120 m2. The highest content of humus (11.9 %) and mobile potassium (27.5 mg/kg) was noted with differentiated tillage with the application of mineral fertilizers ammonium nitrate and ammophos for the planned yield of 5 t/ha. With chisel tillage to a depth of 45 cm followed by surface tillage, the largest amounts of ammonium nitrogen (15.6 mg/kg) and nitrate nitrogen (23.4 mg/kg) with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a yield of 3 t/ha were found. With the same soil tillage, the maximum content of mobile phosphorus (107.7 mg/kg) was noted, but with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a planned yield of 5 t/ha. Chemical elements contained in the vegetative part of plants and wheat grain show the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and soil treatment options before sowing. Analysis of laboratory studies on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the vegetative part of the plant and grain of spring wheat showed that the most efficient soil treatment option for the studied crop was moldboard with alternation with surface after 1 year, i.e. differentiated, with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a yield of 3 and 5 t/ha. The introduction of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for the planned yield of 3 t/ha (in physical weight 150–170 kg/ha) creates an optimal regime for the cultivation of spring wheat on meadow-chernozem soils with differentiated treatment.