Influence of Soil Organic Matter on the Leaching of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

Petruzzelli, Laura; Celi, Luisella; Cignetti, A.; Marsan, Franco Ajmone

doi:10.1081/pfc-120003097

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The type of organic matter fraction that PAHs are connected with affects their mobility in the soil profile. Humic acids limit the mobility of hydrocarbons deep down in the soil profile, whereas fulvic acids stimulate that process (Petruzzelli et al 2002). As was reported by Kim and Kwon (2010), the sorption properties of humic acids towards PAHs increase with an increase in the PAHs hydrophobicity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the properties of humic acids

2014

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Purpose Interestingly, soil is the component of the natural environment in which most hydrophobic organic pollution including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) gets accumulated. The aim of the present paper was to determine the effect of soil pollution with PAHs on the elemental composition, spectral properties, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of humic acids. The research was performed on different types of soil samples that were artificially polluted with selected PAHs (anthracene, pyrene, fluorene and chrysene). Materials and methods The soil samples were polluted with s e l e c t e d PA H s i n a n am ou n t c or r e s p o nd i n g t o 10 mg PAHs kg −1 . The PAHs-polluted soil samples were incubated for 180 and 360 days at a temperature of 20-25°C and fixed moisture (50 % of field water capacity). Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from the soil samples prior to the incubation (additionally, soils not polluted with PAHs) and after 180 and 360 days of incubation. For isolated HAs, the following analyses were performed: elemental composition, UV-Vis and IR spectra, susceptibility to oxidation, and hydrophilic (HIL) and hydrophobic (HOB) properties were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results and discussion The research demonstrated that introducing anthracene, fluorene, pyrene and chrysene to soil samples resulted in a change in some of the quality parameters of humic acids. However, the intensity and the direction of those changes were determined by soil properties. The changes of the parameters, once PAHs were introduced, that did not depend on the soil properties were ΔA 665u and ΔA 465u (susceptibility to oxidation at wavelengths of 465 and 665 nm) as well as HIL/ΣHOB. The same tendency in changes in the structure of humic acids, once PAHs were introduced, was also observed based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra pattern. Conclusions A single pollution of soils with PAHs that leads to changes in the quality parameters of humic acids shows that, as for the soils permanently exposed to pollution with those compounds, significant changes can occur in the properties of humic acids. As a result, it can lead to a change in the functions played by humic acids in the environment.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effect of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the properties of humic acids

2014

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“…An increase in the PAH content from the outset of the present experiment was related to soil type. Numerous authors (Maliszewska-Kordybach, 1995;Oleszczuk & Baran, 2005;Petruzzelli et al, 2002;Pignatello & Xing, 1996) showed a significant influence of the soil characteristics on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As has been mentioned earlier, soil B was characterized by an organic carbon content several times higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…According to available information, there has not been any model studies on the influence of long-term soil flooding on the changes in the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons carried out so far. The existing experiments were limited to soil leaching with water in order to determine potential migration of this type of xenobiotics deeper into the soil profile (Kim & Osako, 2003;Petruzzelli, Celi, Cignetti, & Marsan, 2002;Weigand et al, 2002) and to monitor changes in the PAH content in relation to soil humidity level (Hesina, Krivosejeva, Vorobieva, & Stepanova, 1987;Maliszewska-Kordybach, 1995). Despite hydrophobic properties of most PAHs their solubility in water can be increased as a result of presence of surfactants (Cesare & Smith, 1994), soil colloids (Mccarthy & Zachara, 1989) and dissolved organic carbon (Kögel-Knabner & Totsche, 1998;Magee, Lion, & Lemley, 1991) in the soil (soil solution).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Long-Term Soils Flooding by Distilled and Post-Sewage Water on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Changes

Oleszczuk¹,

Baran²,

Baranowska³

2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The aim of presented study was to determine the influence of long-term inundation on the changes in the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Two soils (B, MS) with differentiated properties were selected for the presented study. The experiment was carried out in 5-l containers, irrigated with distilled or post-sewage water for seven days. The study samples were collected directly after the water had been drained and then after seven, 14, 28 and 50 days. In the material collected, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined by means of the HPLC-UV method. The soils used for the presented experiment were characterised by differentiated PAH content levels. However, in both soils 28 days after water had been drained, a gradual increase of the PAH sum was noted. This increase was in relation to beginning of the experiment significantly higher in soil MS characterised by a lower PAH content (43% and 86%, respectively in the experiment with distilled and post-sewage water). The range of the PAH sum increase in soil B was from 28% to 38%. After the 28th day of the experiment, a decreasing trend was noted. The trend persisted until the last experimental date. Only in soil B, a decrease in the PAH up to a level close to the PAH level on the onset of the experiment was observed. In soil MS, PAH content on the last experimental date was still 25% (distilled water) and 52% (post-sewage water) higher than at the beginning of the experiment. In control soils (non-flooded), PAH content did not undergo any significant changes during the whole experimental period. In the presented studies, significant relationships between the values of some PAH content levels and Ca 2+ ions content was noted.

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“…Chiou et al, 1998;Northcott and Jones, 2001) whereas column leaching methods accompanied by analysis of both the leachates and the soil column permit simulation of the downward soil movement of contaminants (Jackson et al, 1984). Similar experiments have identified the important role played by the quantity and quality of soil organic matter in controlling the leaching of PAHs from soils and sediments (Petruzelli et al, 2002;Ran et al, 2007). Other controlling factors influencing the PAH leaching potential include the soil water ratio (Enell et al, 2004;Zand et al, 2010), residence time (Weigand et al, 2002), temperature (Enell et al, 2005), soil grain size (Zhang et al, 2008), soil aging (de Jonge, 2008), ionic strength of the leachate (Kim and Osako, 2003) and surfactant addition to the leachate (Frutos et al, 2011;Ganeshalingam et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Jones et al (1989) found that PAH leaching rates were strongly influenced by the existence of DOC mediated or particle associated transport and Petruzelli et al (2002) have identified the different roles played by humic and fulvic acids in controlling the vertical leaching of PAHs with the former enhancing retention whereas fulvic acids favoured an increase in PAH mobility. For the PAHs recovered at levels greater than 50% (i.e.…”

Section: Soil Depth Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

Revitt

Balogh

Jones

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted from a variety of sources and can accumulate on and within surface soil layers. To investigate the level of potential risk posed by surface contaminated soils, vertical soil column experiments were conducted to assess the mobility, when leached with simulated rainwater, of six selected PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene) with contrasting hydrophobic characteristics and molecular weights/sizes. The only PAH found in the leachate within the experimental period of 26 days was naphthalene. The lack of migration of the other applied PAHs were consistent with their low mobilities within the soil columns which generally parallelled their log K oc values. Thus only 2.3% of fluoranthene, 1.8% of pyrene, 0.2% of benzo(e)pyrene and 0.4% of benzo(ghi)perylene were translocated below the surface layer. The PAH distributions in the soil columns followed decreasing power relationships with 90% reductions in the starting levels being shown to occur within a maximum average depth of 0.94 cm compared to an average starting depth of 0.5 cm. A simple predictive model identifies the extensive time periods, in excess of 10 years, required to mobilise 50% of the benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene from the surface soil layer. Although this reduces to between 2 and 7 years for fluoranthene and pyrene, it is concluded that the possibility of surface applied PAHs reaching and contaminating a groundwater aquifer is unlikely.

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Influence of Soil Organic Matter on the Leaching of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the properties of humic acids

Effect of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the properties of humic acids

Influence of Long-Term Soils Flooding by Distilled and Post-Sewage Water on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Changes

Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

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