Influence of Soil Treatments on Growth and Yield of Wheat and Implications for Control of Pythium Root Rot

Cook, Robert; Sitton, J. W.; Haglund, W. A.

doi:10.1094/phyto-77-1192

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Since a significant, positive correlation was detected between root tip number and total root length, it may be useful and more efficient to focus on total root length rather than root tips when collecting data on disease effects. A shortened first leaf is an indication that Pythium isolates have colonized the germinating embryo (5,6). We also found a strong association between plant height and first true leaf length.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Due to its wide host range, long-lived oospores, ubiquitous nature, and large number of pathogenic species, Pythium root rot on wheat is extremely difficult to control and has been reported to decrease grain yields by up to 25% (1,3,(5)(6)(7)13,32). Nineteen Pythium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pythium inoculum levels decrease with stubble burning and soil fumigation (6). Due to its harmful effects on soil quality and societal concerns for air quality, stubble burning is not a viable option for growers, and soil fumigation is impractical for large-scale wheat production (8,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Adapted Wheat Cultivars for Tolerance to Pythium Root Rot

Higginbotham

Paulitz²,

Campbell³

et al. 2004

Plant Disease

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Genetic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against Pythium species would be an efficient means of control of this major root fungal pathogen, but so far no source has been identified. In addition, no long-term, sustainable options for controlling Pythium root rot are available; therefore, identifying and then incorporating genetic resistance into wheat cultivars would create an ideal method of control for this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the level of tolerance to Pythium root rot among a diverse set of wheat germ plasm collected from all major wheat production regions in the United States. Pythium debaryanum isolate 90136 and P. ultimum isolate 90038, previously identified as the most virulent Pythium isolates on wheat, were used to infest pasteurized soil, which was seeded with wheat genotypes and placed in a growth chamber maintained at a constant 16°C with a 12-h photoperiod and ambient humidity. Length of the first leaf and plant height measurements were recorded, and roots were digitally scanned to create computer files that were analyzed using WinRhizo software for length and number of tips. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in plant variables were detected among wheat genotypes in the presence of both Pythium species, and a significant (P < 0.0001) correlation between plant stunting and root loss was detected. Based on both shoot and root measurements, Caledonia, Chinese Spring, MN97695, and OR942504 appear to be highly susceptible to Pythium root rot, whereas genotypes KS93U161, OH708, and Sunco were the most tolerant to this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Adapted Wheat Cultivars for Tolerance to Pythium Root Rot

Higginbotham

Paulitz²,

Campbell³

et al. 2004

Plant Disease

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“…Treatment with metalaxyl, a fungicide specific for oomycetes, resulted in wheat yield increases of 1-2 tons/acre, due to control of Pythium (Cook et al 1980). Treatment with soil fumigation increased wheat yields by 3-36% (Cook et al 1987). Based on detailed disease measurements, Fusarium crown rot was estimated to cause a 9.9% loss on wheat, with some losses up to 35% (Smiley et al 2005a).…”

Section: Economic Impacts Of Soilborne Pathogens and Root Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

et al. 2008

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The rhizosphere is a hot spot of microbial interactions as exudates released by plant roots are a main food source for microorganisms and a driving force of their population density and activities. The rhizosphere harbors many organisms that have a neutral effect on the plant, but also attracts organisms that exert deleterious or beneficial effects on the plant. Microorganisms that adversely affect plant growth and health are the pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, bacteria and nematodes. Most of the soilborne pathogens are adapted to grow and survive in the bulk soil, but the rhizosphere is the playground and infection court where the pathogen establishes a parasitic relationship with the plant. The rhizosphere is also a battlefield where the complex rhizosphere community, both microflora and microfauna, interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogen infection. A wide range of microorganisms are beneficial to the plant and include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, endo-and ectomycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the population dynamics and activity of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Specific attention is given to mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions between beneficial microorganisms, pathogens and the plant. We also discuss how agricultural practices affect pathogen and antagonist populations and how these practices can be adopted to promote plant growth and health.

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“…This can also mean expense, but no income, from that field, depending on the duration of the break (5). Soil fumigation with methyl bromide has been used in Washington state as an experimental tool to reveal the high yields possible with continuous (monoculture) direct-seeded wheat and barley sequences (7,8). However, fumigation is economical only for certain high-value horticultural crops, such as strawberries in California and tomatoes in Florida.…”

Section: Yield-limiting Hazards Of Direct Seedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward cropping systems that enhance productivity and sustainability

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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The defining features of any cropping system are (i) the crop rotation and (ii) the kind or intensity of tillage. The trend worldwide starting in the late 20th century has been (i) to specialize competitively in the production of two, three, a single, or closely related crops such as different market classes of wheat and barley, and (ii) to use direct seeding, also known as no-till, to cut costs and save soil, time, and fuel. The availability of glyphosate-and insect-resistant varieties of soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola has helped greatly to address weed and insect pest pressures favored by direct seeding these crops. However, little has been done through genetics and breeding to address diseases caused by residue-and soil-inhabiting pathogens that remain major obstacles to wider adoption of these potentially more productive and sustainable systems. Instead, the gains have been due largely to innovations in management, including enhancement of root defense by antibiotic-producing rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria inhibitory to root pathogens. Historically, new varieties have facilitated wider adoption of new management, and changes in management have facilitated wider adoption of new varieties. Although actual yields may be lower in direct-seed compared with conventional cropping systems, largely due to diseases, the yield potential is higher because of more available water and increases in soil organic matter. Achieving the full production potential of these more-sustainable cropping systems must now await the development of varieties adapted to or resistant to the hazards shown to account for the yield depressions associated with direct seeding.

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Influence of Soil Treatments on Growth and Yield of Wheat and Implications for Control of Pythium Root Rot

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Adapted Wheat Cultivars for Tolerance to Pythium Root Rot

Evaluation of Adapted Wheat Cultivars for Tolerance to Pythium Root Rot

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

Toward cropping systems that enhance productivity and sustainability

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