Influence of solvent structure and hydrogen bonding on catalysis at solid–liquid interfaces

Abstract

A pedagogical review that deconvolutes the excess free energy effects of several solvent phenomena and connects findings across a variety of catalytic reactions and materials.

Catalyst and reactor design considerations for selective production of acids by oxidative cleavage of alkenes and unsaturated fatty acids with H2O2

“…The presence of different quantities of water on the surface near the active site may affect the stability of transition states and hence rates constants, which would lead to changes in turnover rates. 45,60,61 Al 2 O 3 surfaces possess surface hydroxyl groups that may bind water and facilitate these changes. In addition, water can be adsorbed on the catalyst surface, [62][63][64] leading to the structural transformation and alteration of the catalytic capabilities.…”

Recent advances in the chemical valorization of cellulose and its derivatives into ester compounds

“…aqueous solutions) owing to the lower boiling points of the solvents and products. 29 In view of these merits, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the development of new approaches for the conversion of cellulose and its derivatives into diverse esters, as well as the underlying catalytic system.…”

A machine learning approach for predicting the empirical polarity of organic solvents

“…5,9 An empirical solvent polarity parameter E T (30) has been established by measuring hypsochromic band shift with increase in solvent polarity of 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate, commonly known as betaine 30 dye. It is expressed as the molar electronic transition energy of the dye (eqn ( 1)) E T (30) = 28591/l max (1) where l max (nm) is the absorption wavelength in the visible/ near-IR region arising as a result of the intramolecular charge transfer from the phenolate group to the pyridinium ring of the dye. It should be noted that there are as many as 78 solvatochromic compounds which have been proposed as potential solvent polarity probes similar to the betaine 30 dye.…”

“…The type of solvent employed in an organic transformation can largely influence the reaction outcome by manipulating the activation barriers of the transition states involved. 1 This generally occurs as a result of the change in free energies of the reactants, intermediates and transitions states involved in the reaction via solvation. Therefore, solvents are particularly important in enantioselective reactions, where free energy difference of 2.73 kcal mol −1 between two diastereomeric transition states can furnish enantioselectivity as high as 99% at room temperature.…”