Influence of sp2 clusters on the field emission properties of amorphous carbon thin films

Carey, J. D.; Forrest, R. D.; Khan, R. U. A.; Silva, S. Ravi P.

doi:10.1063/1.1312202

Cited by 81 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The FN plot can be fitted with three straight lines, suggesting that the current emanates from two different emission sites, i.e., the graphene, diamond grain boundaries, and diamond. 29 In the present hybrid film, conductive, spatially localized sp 2 C clusters are surrounded by a more insulating sp 3 C matrix giving rise to dielectric inhomogeneities 30,31 that lead to an enhanced local field at the tip as is indicated by the high b value.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films and their electron emission properties

Varshney

Rao

Guinel

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films have been fabricated using saturated hydrocarbon polymers as seeding material by hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique. The films are characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The XRD shows the characteristic diffraction peaks of both diamond and graphene. The Raman spectrum shows the characteristic band of diamond at 1332 cm−1 and D, G, and 2D bands of graphene at 1349, 1592, and 2687 cm−1, respectively. Both SEM and TEM depict the presence of diamond and graphene in the films. The EELS recorded in the carbon K-edge region also shows the signature peaks of diamond and graphene. The free standing hybrid films exhibit a remarkably low turn-on field of about 2.4 V/μm and a high emission current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. Furthermore, emission currents are stable over the period of 7 days. The superior field emission characteristics of the free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films are attributed to the heat sink capability of diamond and high electrical conductivity of graphene.

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Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films and their electron emission properties

Varshney

Rao

Guinel

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…2,7,8 Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films are well known for their exceptional mechanical properties [9][10][11][12][13][14] and recently, we have explored the mechanical, optical and electrical properties of DLC and modified DLC thin films. [15][16][17][18][19] DLC thin films are known to emit electrons 20,21 , however, compared with diamond and CNTs, their threshold field (E T ) tends to be higher and emission current (I E ) is lower. As a consequence for the past few years research has been focused on nanocrystalline DLC (nc-DLC) films in order to reduce E T and enhance I E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Electronic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamondlike Carbon Thin Films

Dwivedi

Kumar²,

Tripathi³

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The origin of low threshold field emission (threshold field 1.25 V/μm) in nanocrystalline diamond-like carbon (nc-DLC) thin films is examined. The introduction of nitrogen and thermal annealing are both observed to change the threshold field and these changes are correlated with changes to the film microstructure. A range of different techniques including micro-Raman and infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy are used to examine the properties of the films. A comparison of the field emission properties of nc-DLC films with atomically smooth amorphous DLC (a-DLC) films reveals that nc-DLC films have lower threshold fields. Our results show that nc-DLC can be a good candidate for large area field emission display panels and cold cathode emission devices.

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“…Firstly, what is the source of the electrons, secondly, how are the electrons transported through the film and finally, how are the electrons emitted into the vacuum. These questions have broadly led to the 'back contact' model of Amaratunga and Silva and later by Forrest and colleagues (Forrest et al, 1998) in which the rate controlling step is the barrier at the film/substrate interface as described above and to the 'front surface/internal enhancement' model, where the transport through the film and the physics of the film surface/vacuum interface are the most important factors (Carey et al, 2000). In order to investigate the transition from the back contact to the front surface a series of a-C:H films as a function of deposition self-bias were grown.…”

Section: Electron Field Emission: Theory Materials and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering the next generation of large-area displays: prospects and pitfalls

Carey

2003

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Seri

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Considerable effort is currently been expounded into the development and improvement of the myriad of display technologies that have come to the market place. In this paper several key questions are addressed in the development of the future generation of large area field emissionbased displays based upon semiconducting amorphous carbon thin films and carbon nanotubes. The development of carbon based cathodes has to date proceeded along empirical lines with attempts to correlate the variation of field emission characteristics with changes in deposition or post deposition processing parameters, often without a full explanation being forthcoming. In addition, there have been incidents of incorrect interpretation of some of the results due to a lack of an appreciation of the significant differences between the different types of amorphous carbon film that exist. It is only recently that a fuller understanding of the different electron emission mechanisms has begun to emerge through an understanding of the roles played by the electrical and structural inhomogeneity at a nanometer level. This 'intrinsic dielectric inhomogeneity' is shown to possess some remarkable electronic properties which also has important consequences for extrinsic inhomogeneous nanometer systems such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and CNT-polymer composite based displays.The future outlook for broad area displays based upon amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes is also addressed.

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Influence of sp2 clusters on the field emission properties of amorphous carbon thin films

Cited by 81 publications

References 17 publications

Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films and their electron emission properties

Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films and their electron emission properties

Structural and Electronic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamondlike Carbon Thin Films

Engineering the next generation of large-area displays: prospects and pitfalls

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