Influence of Stalk Residue Retention and Fertilization on the Rhizospheric Effect with Drip‐Irrigated Cotton

Abstract

Core Ideas Stalk residue retention and fertilizer increased organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon. Nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium plus poultry manure had the highest NO3–‐N and available nitrogen contents. Stalk residue retention plus fertilization had positive rhizospheric effect on soil organic carbon and NO3–‐N. Stalk residue retention plus fertilization had negative rhizospheric effect on total nitrogen and NH4+‐N. Stalk residue retention plus fertilization had no net rhizospheric effect on pH and microbial biomass carbon. ABSTRACT By using less chemical fertilizer to produce cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), farmers could reduce input costs, increase efficiency, and protect the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of stalk residue management and fertilizer application on the rhizospheric and bulk soil properties. The split‐plot design included two main plot treatments (stalk residue removal and stalk residue retention) and four subplot fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer; N, P, and K fertilizer; poultry manure; and NPK plus poultry manure). Results showed that stalk residue retention increased soil pH, whereas fertilization reduced it. Stalk residue retention and fertilizer application both increased organic C, total N, and microbial biomass C. The NPK plus poultry manure treatment had the highest nitrate (NO3–‐N) and available N contents. Stalk residue retention had negative rhizospheric effect on soil pH, total N, and ammonium (NH4+‐N) but positive rhizospheric effect on soil organic C, microbial biomass C, and NO3–‐N. The NPK plus poultry manure treatment had positive rhizospheric effect on soil pH, organic C, and NO3–‐N but negative rhizospheric effect on total soil N, microbial biomass C and NH4+‐N. Overall, stalk residue retention plus fertilization had positive rhizospheric effect on soil organic C and NO3–‐N, negative rhizospheric effect on total N and NH4+‐N, and no net rhizospheric effect on soil pH and microbial biomass C. Stalk residue retention improved soil quality and increased soil organic C and available N. Stalk residue retention plus NPK fertilizer and poultry manure can significantly increase soil organic C and active C components, thus ensuring high productivity.

Light-response curve of photosynthesis and model fitting in leavesof Mangifera indica under different soil water conditions

“…Mangifera indica, an evergreen tree belonging to the family of Anacardiaceae, is a typical perennial tropical fruit tree and enjoys the reputation of ʻthe king of tropical fruitsʼ with remarkable economic benefits (Zang et al 2009, Sarker et al 2016. M. indica is mostly planted in mountain or hilly areas, and its growth and development is extremely vulnerable to drought stress during the dry season (Yao et al 2006, Zang et al 2009, Lu et al 2012, Levin et al 2018.…”

“…Mangifera indica, an evergreen tree belonging to the family of Anacardiaceae, is a typical perennial tropical fruit tree and enjoys the reputation of ʻthe king of tropical fruitsʼ with remarkable economic benefits (Zang et al 2009, Sarker et al 2016. M. indica is mostly planted in mountain or hilly areas, and its growth and development is extremely vulnerable to drought stress during the dry season (Yao et al 2006, Zang et al 2009, Lu et al 2012, Levin et al 2018. At present, many studies have been done to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics (Yao et al 2006, Elsheery and Cao 2008, Lu et al 2012, dos Santos et al 2013, 2014a, 2015, leaf physiological activity (Jia et al 2000, Zaharah and Razi 2009, dos Santos et al 2015, growth (Zaharah and Razi 2009), root distribution (dos Santos et al 2014b), fruit yield (dos Santos et al 2014a,b;2015), and floral initiation (Bally et al 2000, Chen et al 2000, Lu and Chacko 2000 of M. indica under different soil water conditions or irrigation levels.…”

Deficit irrigation combined with nitrogen application in the early growth stage of sugar beet increases the production capacity of canopy and avoids yield loss

“…The average annual temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were 8.6 °C, 58.1% and 102.6 mm, respectively, in 2020, and 10.3 °C, 50.8% and 165.3 mm, respectively, in 2021. According to Zhang et al, 22 the average annual rainfall was 211.0 mm and the average annual temperature was 7.0 °C in the region. The average temperatures in 2020 and 2021 were slightly above the multi-year average, and rainfall was lower than the multi-year average.…”

Effects of inter‐species chromosome substitution on cottonseed mineral and protein nutrition profiles

“…As a world crop, cotton has been cultivated for at least 3000 yr (Lee & Fang, 2015). Tetraploid upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the major species grown in the United States (Bellaloui & Turley, 2013; Tewolde et al., 2018) and worldwide (Amin et al., 2018; Basal et al., 2019; Kuang et al., 2018; Zhang, Zhang, Pu, Zhang, & Ou, 2019). Another tetraploid species known as pima cotton ( G. barbadense L.) is also cultivated (Cornish, Radin, Turcotte, Lu, & Zeiger, 1991) with the characteristics of longer, finer, and stronger fibers (Jenkins, McCarty, Gutierrez, Hayes, & Jones, 2013).…”