Influence of steam-calcination and acid leaching treatment on the VGO hydrocracking performance of faujasite zeolite

Texture, acidity and fluid catalytic cracking performance of hierarchical faujasite zeolite prepared by an amphiphilic organosilane

“…Although the bottoms yield is higher than for the microporous reference catalysts, this will not be a significant drawback in practice because this fraction can be recycled to the riser. By comparison with yield-conversion data in fluid catalytic cracking [59,60], the higher diesel and lower gasoline yield can be reasonably linked to the improved diffusion due to presence of mesopores that limits secondary cracking reactions of LCO and bottoms [32].…”

“…De Jong and co-workers investigated how steam treatment followed by acid and base leaching steps improves the mesopore interconnectivity, which is useful to limit secondary cracking reactions [27]. The benefit of mesoporosity on the cracking performance of vacuum gas oil and bulky model molecules has been well established [28][29][30][31][32].…”

The Origin of Metal Loading Heterogeneities in Pt/Zeolite Y Bifunctional Catalysts

“…[17][18][19][20] In order to overcome this problem, zeolite Y is commonly steamed and acid leached to obtain so-called ultra-stable Y zeolite (USY), which introduces mesopores, enhances the zeolite's hydrothermal stability and reduces the number of Al sites to a Si/Al ratio of 30. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The number of Al sites relates to the number of acid sites when protons are used to compensate for charge caused by Al 3 + replacing Si 4 + in SiO 2 tetrahedra building blocks of the zeolite structure.…”

Zeolite catalysts in upgrading of bioethanol to fuels range hydrocarbons: A review

“…B/L) from 663 3.3 to 1.4. Treatment with steam is a known factor for lowering 664 zeolites acidity due to dealumination [132][133][134][135]. The ethanol 665 conversion was found to be acidity dependent.…”