Influence of steaming on drying quality and colour of beech timber

Milić, Goran; Todorović, Nebojša; Popadić, Ranko

doi:10.2298/gsf1512083m

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The color of wood changes in thermal processes, such as wood drying, wood steaming, and thermo-wood production technologies. The wood darkens more or less and, depending on the wood, acquires color shades of pink, red, and brown to dark brown-gray color [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These facts are used for the full-volume modification of wood color into non-traditional color shades of wood of individual trees. Beech wood, depending on the length of the steaming time, acquires a pale pink to red-brown color shade [ 5 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Oak wood, as reported by the works [ 11 , 16 , 17 ] and depending on the steaming conditions, achieves color shades from a pale brown-yellow color to a dark dark-gray color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of UV Radiation on the Color Change of the Surface of Steamed Maple Wood with Saturated Water Steam

2022

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The wood of maple (Acer Pseudopatanus L.) was steamed with a saturated steam-air mixture at a temperature of t = 95 °C or saturated steam at t = 115 °C and t = 135 °C, in order to give a pale pink-brown, pale brown, and brown-red color. Subsequently, samples of unsteamed and steamed maple wood were irradiated with a UV lamp in a Xenotest Q-SUN Xe-3-H after drying, in order to test the color stability of steamed maple wood. The color change of the wood surface was evaluated by means of measured values on the coordinates of the color space CIE L* a* b*. The results show that the surface of unsteamed maple wood changes color markedly under the influence of UV radiation than the surface of steamed maple wood. The greater the darkening and browning color of the maple wood by steaming, the smaller the changes in the values at the coordinates L*, a*, b* of the steamed maple wood caused by UV radiation. The positive effect of steaming on UV resistance is evidenced by the decrease in the overall color difference ∆E*. While the value of the total color diffusion of unsteamed maple wood induced by UV radiation is ∆E* = 18.5, for maple wood steamed with a saturated steam-air mixture at temperature t = 95 °C the ∆E* decreases to 12.6, for steamed maple wood with saturated water steam with temperature t = 115 °C the ∆E* decreases to 10.4, and for saturated water steam with temperature t = 135 °C the ∆E* decreases to 7.2. Differential ATR-FTIR spectra declare the effect of UV radiation on unsteamed and steamed maple wood and confirm the higher color stability of steamed maple wood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of UV Radiation on the Color Change of the Surface of Steamed Maple Wood with Saturated Water Steam

2022

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“…This physico-chemical process characterized by elevated temperatures, a steam atmosphere, high wood moisture content, and the presence of microorganisms, initiates the chemical reactions in wood: degradation processes of primary wood components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin followed by the extraction of water-soluble substances into the wastewater solution (Dzurenda et al 2022). While steaming is usually employed to equalize (or change) the colour of wood, it also offers bene ts such as growth stress reduction (Gril et al 2017), reduced initial moisture content and moisture content gradient (Fu et al 2019), improved drying characteristics (Milić et al 2015), increased dimensional stability (Fruhwald 2006) and reduced surface roughness (Dudiak et al 2024). For beech timber -one of the most important hardwood species in Europe -steaming is pivotal in enhancing the aesthetic appeal and market value of wood products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Beech Wood Steaming Condensate on Curing Behaviour of Urea-formaldehyde Adhesive

Rančić,

Popović,

Milić

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study explores the potential of using condensate generated during beech wood steaming (BSC) as an eco-friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives for wood-based panel (WBP) production. The research aimed to assess the hardening behavior of pure commercial UF resin and UF with added condensate (UFC), investigating the potential catalytic effect of BSC on the hardening characteristics of UF adhesives. Changes in chemical structure after the curing process were observed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The curing kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under a dynamic scanning regime with heating rates of 5, 10, and 20°C/min. Obtained data were analyzed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Friedman (FR) kinetic iso-conversional methods to estimate the activation energy (Ea) of the curing reaction in the investigated UF adhesive systems. The results of DSC analysis imply that BSC lowers the temperature of the curing reaction of UF adhesive along with the prolongation of the curing reaction. The obtained kinetic data supported by FTIR and chemical analysis suggest that phenolic compounds present in BSC interfere with the main curing reactions leading to lower peak temperatures but higher activation energy. Тhis suggests that BSC increased the number of active sites involved in the reaction and, consequently, the number of collisions. BSC, as wastewater of the wood processing industry, can be efficiently utilized as an environmentally friendly, inexpensive substitute for deionized water in UF adhesive formulations for WBP manufacturing.

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“…While temporary physical-mechanical changes are used in the production of veneers, plywood, bent furniture, or pressed wood, permanent chemical changes manifested by, among other things, a change in color are used to modify the color of the wood into other shades. Recently, the attention of research in the field of thermal treatment of wood has focused on targeted changes in the color of the wood of individual trees to more or less distinct color shades, or wood imitations of domestic trees for exotic woods [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenization of the Color of Beech Sapwood and False Heartwood by the Steaming Process

Dzurenda,

Dudiak

2024

Forests

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This work presents the results of the homogenization of the color of sapwood and false heartwood Fagus sylvatica L. into a uniform color shade due to the influence of the temperature of saturated moist air and saturated water steam in individual steaming modes. The results of analyses of the influence of temperature within 24 h point out the different changes in the color of the sapwood and the wood of the false heartwood when the uniform color of the beech wood is achieved by the steaming process. By steaming beech wood with a false heartwood saturated with moist air at a temperature of tI = 95 °C during τ = 24 h, the color of the sapwood does not merge with the color of the wood of the false heartwood. The sapwood darkens and, on the other hand, the wood of the false heartwood slightly lightens, while the significant color contrast is removed, but the color homogenization in the individual zones does not occur. The unification of the colors in individual zones occurs during the steaming process at a temperature of saturated water steam tII ≈ 105 °C in 18 h, where the resulting brown color is identified in the color space CIE L*a*b* by the values of the lightness L* = 61.3 ± 2.2 and of the red color a* = 12.4 ± 1.3 and yellow color b* = 19.5 ± 1.4. The most pronounced homogenization of the color occurs through the steaming process at a temperature of saturated water steam tIII ≈ 120 °C, where the wood acquires a uniform dark brown–gray color in a time of τ ≈ 9 h steaming. The coordinates of the color-homogenized steamed beech wood are L* = 55.9 ± 1.9, a* = 12.3 ± 1.2, and b* = 19.6 ± 1.3. The unification of the colors by the steaming process is achieved by darkening both the sapwood and the wood of the false heartwood. In the overall color homogenization, the sapwood and the wood of the false heartwood do not participate equally in the steaming process. While the total color difference between the sapwood and a color homogenized state is quantified by the value ∆EtI* = 8, ∆EtIII* = 22.7, the total color difference in the wood with a false heartwood is only ∆EtI* = 1.9, ∆EtIII* = 11.8.

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Influence of steaming on drying quality and colour of beech timber

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of UV Radiation on the Color Change of the Surface of Steamed Maple Wood with Saturated Water Steam

Influence of UV Radiation on the Color Change of the Surface of Steamed Maple Wood with Saturated Water Steam

The Effect of the Beech Wood Steaming Condensate on Curing Behaviour of Urea-formaldehyde Adhesive

Homogenization of the Color of Beech Sapwood and False Heartwood by the Steaming Process

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