Influence of storage condition on exosome recovery

Lee, Mijung; Ban, Jae Jun; Im, Wooseok; Kim, Manho

doi:10.1007/s12257-015-0781-x

Cited by 103 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A small increase in size was observed in the smaller population of EVs after storage at 4 and −20 C. The larger vesicles were also slightly increased when storage was carried out at 4 C. These modest changes could be explained by EV fusion or aggregation. Increasing in EV size has been reported after freezing, caused by multilamellar formation due to the expansion of ice nano-or micro-crystals in the lipid bilayer (Lee, Ban, Im, & Kim, 2016). This effect was not evident in our TEM images after storage at −20 and −80 C. Despite our multiple approaches suggesting that the EVs were stable and intact, the data do not absolutely rule out that there was no disruption and reassembly of the vesicles.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis

Vargas

Honorato

Guimarães

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayered compartments released by virtually all living cells, including fungi. Among the diverse molecules carried by fungal EVs, a number of immunogens, virulence factors and regulators have been characterised. Within EVs, these components could potentially impact disease outcomes by interacting with the host. From this perspective, we previously demonstrated that EVs from Candida albicans could be taken up by and activate macrophages and dendritic cells to produce cytokines and express costimulatory molecules. Moreover, pre‐treatment of Galleria mellonella larvae with fungal EVs protected the insects against a subsequent lethal infection with C. albicans yeasts. These data indicate that C. albicans EVs are multi‐antigenic compartments that activate the innate immune system and could be exploited as vaccine formulations. Here, we investigated whether immunisation with C. albicans EVs induces a protective effect against murine candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice. Total and fungal antigen‐specific serum IgG antibodies increased by 21 days after immunisation, confirming the efficacy of the protocol. Vaccination decreased fungal burden in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice challenged with C. albicans. Splenic levels of cytokines indicated a lower inflammatory response in mice immunised with EVs when compared with EVs + Freund's adjuvant (ADJ). Higher levels of IL‐12p70, TNFα and IFNγ were detected in mice vaccinated with EVs + ADJ, while IL‐12p70, TGFβ, IL‐4 and IL‐10 were increased when no adjuvants were added. Full protection of lethally challenged mice was observed when EVs were administered, regardless the presence of adjuvant. Physical properties of the EVs were also investigated and EVs produced by C. albicans were relatively stable after storage at 4, −20 or −80°C, keeping their ability to activate dendritic cells and to protect G. mellonella against a lethal candidiasis. Our data suggest that fungal EVs could be a safe source of antigens to be exploited in vaccine formulations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis

Vargas

Honorato

Guimarães

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

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“…Cancer cell exosomes similarly control the growth and proliferation of tumor cells through caspase-3-dependent cleavage of Bcl-xL within the exosome [33]. In particular, the caspase-3 signaling pathway appears to be required for exosome uptake by recipient cells, promoting antiapoptotic functions such as cell defense mechanism [33][34][35][36]; however, the physiological significance of this pathway in the context of exosomes remains unclear. Consistent with previous studies, we demonstrated that EXO SC support MN survival, in a process mediated by the prevention of activated-caspase-3 signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effect of Glial Cell-Derived Exosomes on Neurons

Hyung¹,

Kim²,

Yu³

et al. 2019

Immunotherapy

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Recent research has revealed that exosomes affect several aspects of organism physiology and development, as well as disease processes, through intracellular communication. However, the biological roles of exosomes in exosomesecreting cells have remained largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that Schwann cell (SC)-derived exosomes (EXO SC ) promote cell survival among motor neurons (MNs), with MN viability exceeding 80% at days in vitro (DIV) 14. Prevention of MN cell death by EXO SC was achieved by blocking the caspase-3 cell death pathway, which was confirmed by comparing the number of activated-caspase3 + cells according to the presence versus absence of EXO SC . The attenuation of exosome secretion from SCs by treatment with GW4869 resulted in increased MN cell death, regardless of SC viability. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology and provide valuable new insights into exosomes as a potential therapeutic agent in nervous system disorders.

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“…Incubation at 4°C and RT resulted in major loss of CD63, and decreasing level of HSP70 was shown only at RT. In addition, flow cytometry result showed that exosome population became more dispersed after RT incubation for 10 days compared with −70°C incubated or freshly isolated exosomes [88]. Study on exosomes isolated from urine defined that freezing at −20°C caused a major loss of the integrity of these exosomes.…”

Section: Stability Of Microvesiclesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Another investigation on the stability of MVs after different times of storage at 4 and −80°C by using flow cytometry analysis showed that there was no significant difference by counts and size distribution of MVs stored at 4°C for 3-4 days or 1 week and MVs frozen at −80°C for 1 or 4 weeks [87]. In another study, Gallart showed that plasma containing exosomes and MVs frozen at −150°C can keep vesicles intact for long time [88]. Investigation was carried on the effect of short-term storage and temperature on the stability of exosome by incubating at temperatures ranging from −70 to 90°C for 30 min.…”

Section: Stability Of Microvesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles Released from Human Red Blood Cells: Properties and Potential Applications

Nguyen¹,

Ly²,

Bernhardt³

2017

Novel Implications of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and Infectious Diseases

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Microvesicles (MVs) are small spherical fragments of plasma membrane between 50 and 1000 nm in diameter. MVs arise through direct outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane. As almost all cells, human red blood cells (RBCs) are able to release MVs into extracellular environment under stimulating or storage conditions. Recently, it has been known that MVs not only play a role in homeostasis but also have diverse functions in cell-cell interactions and in the pathogenesis of diseases. In this chapter, the formation and release of MVs from human RBCs have been described. In addition, MVs have demonstrated to be potential vehicle for transport of nucleic acid and other molecules to the target cells. Although RBC-derived MVs are potential material for the development of delivery systems, it is still a great challenge to the clinical application. Future research should pay more attention to MVs as biological targets for diagnosis and practical therapeutics of cancer and other diseases.

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Influence of storage condition on exosome recovery

Cited by 103 publications

References 34 publications

Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis

Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis

Neuroprotective Effect of Glial Cell-Derived Exosomes on Neurons

Microvesicles Released from Human Red Blood Cells: Properties and Potential Applications

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