Influence of stress confinement, particle shielding and re-deposition on the ultrashort pulse laser ablation of metals revealed by ultrafast time-resolved experiments

Spellauge, Maximilian; Winter, Jan; Rapp, Stephan; McDonnell, Cormac; Sotier, F.; Schmidt, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.148930

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Figure 6 b). This effect of “rarefaction interference” is the reason for a lowering of the ablation depth for metals if the pulses are separated by several tens of picoseconds (blue region in Figure 7 ) [ 10 , 120 ]. If the inter-pulse delay is increased to

50 ps, the second pulse interacts with material that has already left the initial metal surface and no physical connection for the exchange of pressure remains.…”

Section: Physics Of Ultra-short Burst Pulse Ablation Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the inter-pulse delay is increased to

50 ps, the second pulse interacts with material that has already left the initial metal surface and no physical connection for the exchange of pressure remains. Instead, the second pulse is shielded by the ablation cloud induced by the first pulse [ 9 , 10 , 54 , 57 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]. The ablation cloud evolving from the surface after the first pulse is heated and partially disintegrates, leading to an extreme increase in temperature and plasma formation.…”

Section: Physics Of Ultra-short Burst Pulse Ablation Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals with Burst Pulses

et al. 2021

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Laser processing with ultra-short double pulses has gained attraction since the beginning of the 2000s. In the last decade, pulse bursts consisting of multiple pulses with a delay of several 10 ns and less found their way into the area of micromachining of metals, opening up completely new process regimes and allowing an increase in the structuring rates and surface quality of machined samples. Several physical effects such as shielding or re-deposition of material have led to a new understanding of the related machining strategies and processing regimes. Results of both experimental and numerical investigations are placed into context for different time scales during laser processing. This review is dedicated to the fundamental physical phenomena taking place during burst processing and their respective effects on machining results of metals in the ultra-short pulse regime for delays ranging from several 100 fs to several microseconds. Furthermore, technical applications based on these effects are reviewed.

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50 ps, the second pulse interacts with material that has already left the initial metal surface and no physical connection for the exchange of pressure remains.…”

Section: Physics Of Ultra-short Burst Pulse Ablation Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the inter-pulse delay is increased to

Section: Physics Of Ultra-short Burst Pulse Ablation Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals with Burst Pulses

et al. 2021

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“…The fragmentation can be driven by the material phase change when the particle reaches the melting point, known as the heating–melting–evaporation route . The material can also be heated to the boiling point within a short period which leads to a more violent fragmentation, known as the phase explosion. − Second, in the thermomechanical mechanism, the thermomechanical force plays an important role when heating happens much faster than the mechanical relaxation time (∼3 ps for a AuNP with a diameter of 10 nm), a condition known as mechanical confinement. , The particle may fragment when the thermomechanical force exceeds the physical strength of the material without a necessary PT . Finally, the non-thermal processes are related to the excitation of electrons, including near-field ablation and Coulomb instability (CI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Fragmentation below the Melting Point under Single Picosecond Laser Pulse Stimulation

et al. 2021

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Understanding the laser−nanomaterial interactions that lead to nanomaterial fragmentation is important for nanoparticle manufacturing, energy, and biomedical sciences. So far, three mechanisms of laser-induced fragmentation have been recognized including non-thermal processes and thermomechanical force under femtosecond pulses and the phase transitions under nanosecond pulses. Here, we show that single picosecond (ps) laser pulse stimulation leads to an anomalous fragmentation of gold nanoparticles that deviates from these three mechanisms. The ps laser fragmentation was weakly dependent on the particle size, and it resulted in a bimodal size distribution. Importantly, ps laser stimulation fragmented particles below the whole particle melting point and below the threshold for a non-thermal mechanism. We propose a framework based on near-field enhancement and nanoparticle surface melting to account for the ps laser-induced fragmentation observed here. This study reveals a new form of surface ablation that occurs under ps laser stimulation at a low fluence.

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“…Independent whether the ablation is performed in gases or in liquids, a reduction of the deposited laser energy is caused by interactions with the ablation dynamics. These interactions include plasma shielding 24 as well as shielding by and re-deposition of the ablation plume 25 . In the case of LAL, however, an additional ablation dynamics induced loss mechanisms must be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time resolved studies reveal the origin of the unparalleled high efficiency of one nanosecond laser ablation in liquids

Dittrich¹,

Spellauge²,

Barcikowski³

et al. 2022

OEA

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Laser ablation in liquid is a scalable nanoparticle production method with applications in areas like catalysis and biomedicine. Due to laser-liquid interactions, different energy dissipation channels such as absorption by the liquid and scattering at the ablation plume and cavitation bubble lead to reduced laser energy available for nanoparticle production. Ultrashort pulse durations cause unwanted nonlinear effects in the liquid, and for ns pulses, intra-pulse energy deposition attenuation effects are to be expected. However, intermediate pulse durations ranging from hundreds of picoseconds up to one nanosecond have rarely been studied in particular in single-pulse settings. In this study, we explore the pico-to nanosecond pulse duration regimes to find the pulse duration with the highest ablation efficiency. We find that pulse durations around 1 -2 ns enable the most efficient laser ablation in liquid since the laser beam shielding by the ablation plume and cavitation bubble sets in only at longer pulse durations. Furthermore, pump-probe microscopy imaging reveals that the plume dynamics in liquids start to differ from plume dynamics in air at about 2 ns after pulse impact.

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Influence of stress confinement, particle shielding and re-deposition on the ultrashort pulse laser ablation of metals revealed by ultrafast time-resolved experiments

Cited by 35 publications

References 68 publications

Review on Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals with Burst Pulses

Review on Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals with Burst Pulses

Nanoparticle Fragmentation below the Melting Point under Single Picosecond Laser Pulse Stimulation

Time resolved studies reveal the origin of the unparalleled high efficiency of one nanosecond laser ablation in liquids

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