Influence of stress triaxiality on hydrogen assisted ductile damage in an X70 pipeline steel

Depraetere, Robin; Waele, Wim De; Cauwels, Margo; Depover, Tom; Verbeken, Kim; Boone, Matthieu N.; Hertelé, Stijn

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.144549

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Wang et al performed a series of ex situ SSRT experiments on smooth and notched tensile bars made of a high strength steel, the specimens were pre-charged with H for different durations, thus possessing different contents of H. The fracture strain, or ductility, was found to decrease severely with the increase of H content, a reduction of about 90% was observed in a smooth tensile bar charged with an H concentration of 1.3 wppm, as illustrated in Figure . A significant loss of ductility due to H was also observed in pipeline steel, austenitic steel and nickel alloy . Similar observations were obtained in in situ experiments. ,, …”

Section: Knowledge Base About Hesupporting

confidence: 84%

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Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Hydrogen is considered a clean and efficient energy carrier crucial for shaping the net-zero future. Large-scale production, transportation, storage, and use of green hydrogen are expected to be undertaken in the coming decades. As the smallest element in the universe, however, hydrogen can adsorb on, diffuse into, and interact with many metallic materials, degrading their mechanical properties. This multifaceted phenomenon is generically categorized as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). HE is one of the most complex material problems that arises as an outcome of the intricate interplay across specific spatial and temporal scales between the mechanical driving force and the material resistance fingerprinted by the microstructures and subsequently weakened by the presence of hydrogen. Based on recent developments in the field as well as our collective understanding, this Review is devoted to treating HE as a whole and providing a constructive and systematic discussion on hydrogen entry, diffusion, trapping, hydrogen–microstructure interaction mechanisms, and consequences of HE in steels, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys used for energy transport and storage. HE in emerging material systems, such as high entropy alloys and additively manufactured materials, is also discussed. Priority has been particularly given to these less understood aspects. Combining perspectives of materials chemistry, materials science, mechanics, and artificial intelligence, this Review aspires to present a comprehensive and impartial viewpoint on the existing knowledge and conclude with our forecasts of various paths forward meant to fuel the exploration of future research regarding hydrogen-induced material challenges.

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Section: Knowledge Base About Hesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The susceptibility to H-induced loss of ductility was found to increase with the level of geometric constraint. In the tensile experiments on a X70 pipeline steel conducted by Depraetere et al, the relative reduction in ductility was found to decrease as the notch radius of the tensile specimen reduced.…”

Section: Knowledge Base About Hementioning

confidence: 94%

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…The current study used the experimental test data of an API 5L [ 34 ] X70 pipeline steel. Test specimens originated from a pipeline that has been in use for approximately 30 years and features a banded ferrite–pearlite micro-structure with some degree of plastic anisotropy [ 28 ]. The chemical composition is given in Table 1 .…”

Section: Experimental Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the test, the lateral contractions of the specimen were monitored using two perpendicularly positioned cameras. This technique is also described in [ 28 , 36 ]. After post-processing, the diameters in both the transversal-to-rolling T direction

and the through-thickness S direction

were extracted.…”

Section: Experimental Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most authors introduce a multiplier of the fracture locus [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]; hence, the detrimental effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties is independent of the stress triaxiality. However, multiple experimental studies suggest that embrittlement can increase for increasing stress triaxiality [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Moreover, hydrogen could change the failure mode, from internal necking coalescence to internal shearing coalescence at lower stress triaxialities [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Hydrogen-Charged Notched Tensile Tests of an X70 Pipeline Steel with a Hydrogen-Informed Gurson Model

et al. 2023

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Hydrogen can degrade the mechanical properties of steel components, which is commonly referred to as “hydrogen embrittlement” (HE). Quantifying the effect of HE on the structural integrity of components and structures remains challenging. The authors investigated an X70 pipeline steel through uncharged and hydrogen-charged (notched) tensile tests. This paper presents a combination of experimental results and numerical simulations using a micro-mechanics-inspired damage model. Four specimen geometries and three hydrogen concentrations (including uncharged) were targeted, which allowed for the construction of a fracture locus that depended on the stress triaxiality and hydrogen concentration. The multi-physical finite element model includes hydrogen diffusion and damage on the basis of the complete Gurson model. Hydrogen-Assisted degradation was implemented through an acceleration of the void nucleation process, as supported by experimental observations. The damage parameters were determined through inverse analysis, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The presented model couples micro-mechanical with macro-mechanical results and makes it possible to evaluate the damage evolution during hydrogen-charged mechanical tests. In particular, the well-known ductility loss due to hydrogen was captured well in the form of embrittlement indices for the different geometries and hydrogen concentrations. The limitations of the damage model regarding the stress state are discussed in this paper.

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Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in a Large Forged Shaft Using X‐ray Micro‐Computed Tomography Imaging

Sun,

Liu,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The presence of nonmetallic inclusions in steel considerably affects the material's properties. This study investigates these effects by sampling six locations along the radial direction of a large forged shaft to analyze the distribution characteristics of inclusions. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy are used to identify the types and morphologies of the inclusions. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography scanning provides detailed distribution data, including the length, width, equivalent diameter, and shape of the inclusions. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the radial distribution characteristics of inclusions in the forged shaft. The results reveal that both the quantity and size of inclusions in the large forged shaft increase progressively from the edge toward the center. Additionally, the fatigue strength is estimated based on the inclusion distribution at various locations. The prediction shows a relative error exceeding 15%, indicating that the heterogeneity of the components considerably affects their fatigue performance. Finally, a novel method for predicting the maximum inclusion size within the heterogeneous large forged shaft is introduced.

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Influence of stress triaxiality on hydrogen assisted ductile damage in an X70 pipeline steel

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Modeling of Hydrogen-Charged Notched Tensile Tests of an X70 Pipeline Steel with a Hydrogen-Informed Gurson Model

Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in a Large Forged Shaft Using X‐ray Micro‐Computed Tomography Imaging

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