Influence of Subjective Intoxication, Breath Alcohol Concentration, and Expectancies on the Alcohol‐Aggression Relation

Giancola, Peter R.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00099.x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…One large study of 85,301 schoolchildren (Meier, Slutske, Arndt, and Cadoret, 2007) found that positive alcohol expectancies mediated 45% of the association between delinquency and the initiation of drinking, and to a lesser degree binge drinking. Expectancy per se is not all explanatory, as recent work has demonstrated an interaction between expectancy, individual traits (Borders, Barnwell, and Earleywine, 2007), dispositional aggressivity (Giancola, 2006), mood (Grant and Stewart, 2007), context (Read and Curtin, 2007), and gender (Fossos, Neighbors, Kaysen, and Hove, 2007).…”

Section: Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Drugs and Aggression Readily Mix; So What Now?

Pihl

Sutton

2009

Substance Use & Misuse

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Intoxicated aggression is both a dangerous and a costly problem for society, with alcohol being involved in over 50% of violent crimes, and the cost of alcohol-consumption-related crime being estimated at $205 billion in the United States alone. First, the authors reviewed the substantial evidence for the connection between alcohol consumption and aggression, and then they examined the risk factors for this problem. These included societal/cultural factors, such as availability and alcohol expectancies, and individual factors, such as demographic characteristics, personality, comorbid disorders, individual differences in response to alcohol, and cognitive functioning. Finally, interventions were suggested focusing on policy, alcohol sellers, treatments for alcohol abuse and dependency, anger management, pharmacology, and low executive functioning. Further efforts are still needed to target interventions to specific risk factors.

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Section: Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Drugs and Aggression Readily Mix; So What Now?

Pihl

Sutton

2009

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Whereas laboratory findings on the influence of intoxication on aggression have been robust for men, evidence for an alcohol-aggression link for women is mixed (Bond & Lader, 1986; Dougherty, Bjork, Bennett, & Moeller, 1999; Dougherty, Cherek, & Bennett, 1996; Giancola et al, 2002; Giancola & Zeichner, 1995; Gussler-Burkhardt & Giancola, 2005; Hoaken, Campbell, Stewart, & Pihl, 2003; Hoaken & Pihl, 2000). Laboratory studies have most typically concluded that alcohol has no effect on aggression among women (Giancola, 2006; Giancola et al, 2002; Giancola & Zeichner, 1995; Gussler-Burkhardt & Giancola, 2005; Hoaken & Pihl, 2000) or that the effect is weaker among women relative to men (Giancola et al, 2009), although a few studies have found that alcohol increased aggression similarly among women and men (Dougherty et al, 1999; Duke, Giancola, Morris, Holt, & Gunn, 2011). …”

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confidence: 99%

An event-level examination of sex differences and subjective intoxication in alcohol-related aggression.

Quinn¹,

Stappenbeck²,

Fromme³

2013

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Laboratory-based experimental research has demonstrated that the pharmacological effects of alcohol can increase aggressive responding. Given mixed findings and concerns regarding task validity, however, it remains uncertain whether this effect holds constant across men and women and whether variability in subjective alcohol intoxication contributes to alcohol-related aggression. In the present investigation, we used four years of event-level data in a sample of 1,775 college students (140,618 total observations) to provide a test of laboratory-derived findings on the link between alcohol and aggression in an alternative methodology. We found support for several such findings: 1) Within-person increases in alcohol intoxication, as assessed by estimated blood alcohol concentrations (eBACs), were associated with increases in the probability of aggression at the drinking-episode level; 2) This association was significantly stronger among men than among women; and 3) Within-person variability and between-persons individual differences in levels of subjective alcohol intoxication were associated with aggression over and beyond eBACs. Cross-methodological replication can reduce the impact of constraints specific to experimental studies on conclusions regarding alcohol’s relation with aggression.

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“…Various laboratory paradigms have been used to assess individual differences in alcohol-facilitated aggression using computer-simulations or questionnaires. However, these are limiting, since most of these studies are performed at relatively low blood alcohol concentrations and because conditioned effects of alcohol may also play a role (Duke et al, 2011; Giancola, 2006; Levinson et al, 2011). Moreover, physical arousal and violence cannot be as readily assessed using these paradigms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OPRM1 genotype interacts with serotonin system dysfunction to predict alcohol‐heightened aggression in primates

Driscoll¹,

Lindell²,

Schwandt

et al. 2016

Addiction Biology

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Although the notion that alcohol promotes violence is widespread, not all individuals are aggressive while intoxicated. Genetic variation could be a contributing factor to individual differences in alcohol-heightened aggression. The present study examines the effects of OPRM1C77G genotype on responses to threat in rhesus macaques under normal conditions and following alcohol administration. Prior studies have shown that a low CSF level of 5-HIAA is a trait marker for individuals prone to escalated aggression. We wanted to examine whether the predictive value for this marker on aggression was moderated by OPRM1 genotype. Animals were administered alcohol (BAC 100-200 mg%), were provoked by a human intruder, and aggressive responses were recorded. Factor analysis was performed to generate aggressive response factors, which were then used as dependent variables for ANOVA, with OPRM1 genotype and CSF 5-HIAA as independent variables. Factor analysis generated three factors (“Threatening”, “Distance Decreasing” and “High Intensity”). We found that High Intensity aggression was increased among carriers of the OPRM1 G allele, especially among individuals with low CSF levels of 5-HIAA. Aggression in the non-intoxicated state was predicted by 5-HIAA, but not by genotype. This study demonstrates that OPRM1 genotype predicts alcohol-heightened aggression in rhesus macaques with low CSF levels of 5-HIAA. Since OPRM1 variation predicts similar effects on alcohol response and behavior in humans and macaques, this study could suggest a role for OPRM1 genotype in alcohol-heightened aggression in humans. If so, it may be that compounds that block this receptor could reduce alcohol-associated violence in selected patient populations

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Influence of Subjective Intoxication, Breath Alcohol Concentration, and Expectancies on the Alcohol‐Aggression Relation

Abstract: Taken as a whole, this study suggests that intoxicated aggression is primarily the result of alcohol's pharmacological properties in conjunction with an aggressive disposition.

Cited by 28 publications

References 63 publications

Drugs and Aggression Readily Mix; So What Now?

Drugs and Aggression Readily Mix; So What Now?

An event-level examination of sex differences and subjective intoxication in alcohol-related aggression.

OPRM1 genotype interacts with serotonin system dysfunction to predict alcohol‐heightened aggression in primates

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