Influence of substitution of different transition metal elements (Mn, Cr, Co) on the properties of Bi0.88Sm0.12FeO3-based ceramics

Effect of different ionic valence state doping on the structure and characteristic of BiFeO3‐BaTiO3‐based ceramics

“…[25][26][27] However, the high conductivity of bulk materials limits its application, and the magnetic properties still need further optimization. According to the previous literatures, 24,[28][29][30][31] the partial substitution with high-valence ionic into B site of BF-BT-based ceramics can be called as "soft additives," which is believed to eliminate the concentration of holes, leading to an increase in resistivity. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that the addition of small amounts of low-valence elements (called as "hard additives"), such as Ga 3+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , Al 3+ , and so on, at the B-site will potentially reduce the dielectric loss of BiFeO 3 and achieve better electrical properties, 29,32 but the replacement of low-valence elements may produce oxygen vacancies.…”