Influence of surface salinity gradient on dinoflagellate cyst community structure, abundance and morphology in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak

Sildever, Sirje; Andersen, Thorbjørn Joest; Ribeiro, Sofia; Ellegaard, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2015.01.003

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An increase in available measured morphological data may reveal whether or not there is a quantifiable relationship between the morphology of elongate Spiniferites cysts and sea surface parameters, similar to what has been shown for the cysts of Protoceratium reticulatum (Clapar ede and Lachmann 1859) B€ utschli 1885 (Operculodinium centrocarpum sensu Wall and Dale 1966) and Lingulodinium polyedra (Stein 1883) Dodge 1989 (Lingulodinium machaerophorum (Deflandre and Cookson 1955) Wall 1967) (e.g. Mertens et al 2009Mertens et al , 2011Mertens et al , 2012aJansson et al 2014;Sildever et al 2015). Alternatively to environmental steering, the relative increase of specific morphologies could also be a result of isolation and differentiation of distant populations.…”

Section: Morphological Variability Across Environmental Domainssupporting

confidence: 52%

Taxonomic revision of Spiniferites elongatus (the resting stage of Gonyaulax elongata) based on morphological and molecular analyses

et al. 2018

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We restudied the morphological complex comprising the cyst-based species Spiniferites elongatus/ Spiniferites frigidus/Rottnestia amphicavata. We reviewed existing studies, and acquired new morphometric measurements of recent cysts from across the Northern Hemisphere, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of cysts from Barents Sea surface sediments, and genetic analyses of cysts from the Beaufort Sea. The measurements suggest that populations and morphospecies cannot be distinguished based on morphometric criteria. Furthermore, sequential sediment trap samples from Hudson Bay reveal that morphological variation can occur at the same location over a few weeks, arguing against a uniform morphological response to environmental parameters. The SEM observations reveal a consistent gonyaulacacean tabulation (Po, 4 0 , 6 00 , 6c, 5 s, Ã 6 000 , 1p, 1 0000). The small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer sequences obtained from differing cysts from the Beaufort Sea with morphologies attributable to the complex, including forms that correspond to Rottnestia amphicavata, were all identical and conform to those of Gonyaulax elongata from the Orkney Islands. The molecular analyses thus support the conclusion that the morphological variability is not reflected genetically and occurs within one species. Based on arguments against the generic attribution of amphicavata to Rottnestia, the continuum between the extreme ends of the morphological range, and the molecular data, we suggest Rottnestia amphicavata to be conspecific with Spiniferites frigidus, and both to be junior synonyms of Spiniferites elongatus. The morphometric data further indicate that Spiniferites ellipsoideus, an elongate cyst from the Miocene, can also be considered a junior synonym of Spiniferites elongatus. It is recommended to use two informal types in census work (i.e. Spiniferites elongatus-Beaufort morphotype for morphologies formerly assignable to Spiniferites frigidus/Rottnestia amphicavata, and Spiniferites elongatus-Norwegian morphotype for cysts with strongly reduced processes) to separate specimens at both extreme ends of the morphological spectrum from typical specimens of Spiniferites elongatus.

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Section: Morphological Variability Across Environmental Domainssupporting

confidence: 52%

Taxonomic revision of Spiniferites elongatus (the resting stage of Gonyaulax elongata) based on morphological and molecular analyses

et al. 2018

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“…The phytoplankton succession in the water column during the coldwater season in our study coincided with changes in light environment and temperature. The algal assemblage composition of the Baltic Sea changes along a salinity gradient (Gasiūnaitė 2005, Ulanova et al 2009, Sildever et al 2015, indicating that salinity is also a potential factor shaping the seasonal algal assemblage succession during the cold-water season between ice and water column. For example, the seasonal cyanobacteria succession in the water column correlates with both salinity and temperature (Bertos-Fortis et al, 2016), showing that many of the processes affecting microbial assemblages are complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phases of microalgal succession in sea ice and the water column in the Baltic Sea from autumn to spring

Enberg¹,

Majaneva

Autio

et al. 2018

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The phytoplankton biomass during the cold-water season (October−May) in the Baltic Sea is low compared to the warm-water season (June-September). However, the sea ice is a habitat for diverse assemblages in polar and subpolar areas. These areas, including the Baltic Sea, are subject to changing environmental conditions due to global warming, and temporal and spatial studies are required to understand changes in the processes organisms are involved in. We delineated the microalgal succession in the northern Baltic Sea during the cold-water season using a weekly collected dataset. The microscopy results together with molecular methods showed that the sea ice microalgal assemblage formed a distinct group compared to four phytoplankton assemblages, and suggested that the cold-water season could be divided to five microalgal groups; sea ice and four phytoplankton assemblages (fall, winter, under-ice water and spring). The microalgal biomass based on cell enumeration in the water column remained low until the end of the ice-covered season and was dominated by small flagellates and dinoflagellates. The young-ice assemblage in January resembled the water column assemblage, but indicated a partly selective species concentrating mechanism during ice formation due to lower species richness in ice compared to the water column. Biomass of microalgae increased in the ice and water columns during the March−May, and the assemblage changed from being flagellate-dominated to being diatom-and dinoflagellatedominated. In addition, the spring phytoplankton formed, based on species and biomass, a separate assemblage, indicating that sea ice algae did not contribute to the spring bloom phytoplankton assemblage.

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“…Salinity reconstruction using this method resulted in reasonable salinity values from a late Holocene sediment core at Limfjord, Denmark (Mertens et al 2011). A similar approach was applied by Sildever et al (2015) and a linear relationship was also observed between the process length of O. centrocarpum and SSS (R 2 = 0.86, n = 7) from surface samples collected from a Baltic-Kattegat-Skagerrak transect. The second salinity reconstruction method is based on the strontium isotope ratio ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) of carbonate shell remains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…concentrations. Sildever et al (2015) demonstrated that Spiniferites spp. abundance in the surface sediment of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak regions is positively correlated with salinity (R 2 = 0.91, n = 5).…”

Section: Mid-holocene Sea Surface Salinity Of the Baltic Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mertens et al (2011) analysed surface sediment samples along a Baltic-Kattegat-Skagerrak gradient and measured the process length of dinoflagellate cysts Operculodinium centrocarpum (Wall & Dale 1968). A similar approach was applied by Sildever et al (2015) and a linear relationship was also observed between the process length of O. centrocarpum and SSS (R 2 = 0.86, n = 7) from surface samples collected from a Baltic-Kattegat-Skagerrak transect. Salinity reconstruction using this method resulted in reasonable salinity values from a late Holocene sediment core at Limfjord, Denmark (Mertens et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 93%

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Quantitative salinity reconstructions of the Baltic Sea during the mid‐Holocene

Ning

Andersson

Ghosh

et al. 2015

Boreas

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We reconstructed the past coastal environment of the Baltic Sea from c. 7300 to 3500 cal. a BP, with a focus on sea surface salinity (SSS). To quantitatively determine the SSS, two methods were employed: measurements of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in mollusc shells (SSSSr) and process length variations of dinoflagellate cysts Operculodinium centrocarpum (SSSpl). The SSSSr was ~6–7 between 6800 and 6400 cal. a BP, similar to modern conditions. Between 6000 and 3900 cal. a BP, SSSSr was consistently higher, ranging between ~9 and 13. Microfossils sensitive to salinity variations, such as Radiosperma corbiforum and Spiniferites spp., support the SSSSr estimate. In comparison with the SSSSr, the SSSpl values were consistently higher, with an average of ~14. We suggest SSSpl tend to overestimate salinity and are not as reliable as SSSSr. A multi‐proxy approach, including analysis of microfossil, organic carbon content, C/N ratios and grain‐size, allowed for a division of the study period into three zones (Zones I–III). Zone I (7300–6400 cal. a BP) is characterized by relatively O. centrocarpum and R. corbiforum concentrations, silt contents and C/N ratios, corresponding to the regional Littorina transgression maximum. Zone II (6400–3900 cal. a BP) is characterized by increased Spiniferites spp. and decreased R. corbiforum abundances, and by lowered C/N ratios and silt contents relative to Zone I. Zone III (3900–3500 cal. a BP) represents the start of the Post‐Littorina Sea phase, indicating a shift to the modern Baltic Sea phase with decreased salinity.

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Influence of surface salinity gradient on dinoflagellate cyst community structure, abundance and morphology in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Taxonomic revision of Spiniferites elongatus (the resting stage of Gonyaulax elongata) based on morphological and molecular analyses

Taxonomic revision of Spiniferites elongatus (the resting stage of Gonyaulax elongata) based on morphological and molecular analyses

Phases of microalgal succession in sea ice and the water column in the Baltic Sea from autumn to spring

Quantitative salinity reconstructions of the Baltic Sea during the mid‐Holocene

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