Influence of surfactants on Fe2O3 nanostructure photoanode

Memar, Amir; Phan, Chi; Tade, Moses O.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.149

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The electron-hole pairs were created due to the absorption of photons on the photoelectrode with sufficient energy and the subsequent transfer of the electron from the valence to the conduction band of the semiconductor. 17 Water was oxidized through the holes on the semiconductor surface with the gaseous oxygen evolving at the photoanode surface. Hydrogen ions were converted into gaseous hydrogen due to a reduction reaction as a result of the ion migration to the cathode within the aqueous electrolyte.…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of multilayered photoanodes by introducing mesoporous carbon and TiO<sub>2</sub> for humic acid adsorption

Hosseini¹,

Jahangirian²,

Webster³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Nanostructured photoanodes were prepared via a novel combination of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles and mesoporous carbon (C). Four different photoanodes were synthesized by sol–gel spin coating onto a glassy substrate of fluorine-doped tin oxide. The photocatalytic activities of TiO 2 , TiO 2 /C/TiO 2 , TiO 2 /C/C/TiO 2 , and TiO 2 /C/TiO 2 /C/TiO 2 photoanodes were evaluated by exposing the synthesized photoanodes to UV–visible light. The photocurrent density observed in these photoanodes confirmed that an additional layer of mesoporous carbon could successfully increase the photocurrent density. The highest photocurrent density of ~1.022 mA cm −2 at 1 V/saturated calomel electrode was achieved with TiO 2 /C/C/TiO 2 under an illumination intensity of 100 mW cm −2 from a solar simulator. The highest value of surface roughness was measured for a TiO 2 /C/C/TiO 2 combination owing to the presence of two continuous layers of mesoporous carbon. The resulting films had a thickness ranging from 1.605 µm to 5.165 µm after the calcination process. The presence of double-layer mesoporous carbon resulted in a 20% increase in the photocurrent density compared with the TiO 2 /C/TiO 2 combination when only a single mesoporous carbon layer was employed. The improved performance of these photoanodes can be attributed to the enhanced porosity and increased void space due to the presence of mesoporous carbon. For the first time, it has been demonstrated here that the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO 2 can be improved by integrating several layers of mesoporous carbon. Comparison of the rate of removal of humic acid by the prepared photoanodes showed that the highest performance from TiO 2 /C/C/TiO 2 was due to the highest photocurrent density generated. Therefore, this study showed that optimizing the sequence of mesoporous carbon layers can be a viable and inexpensive method for enhanced humic acid removal.

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Section: Photoelectrochemical Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of multilayered photoanodes by introducing mesoporous carbon and TiO<sub>2</sub> for humic acid adsorption

Hosseini¹,

Jahangirian²,

Webster³

et al. 2016

IJN

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“…However, WO 3 has a large band gap of 2.8 eV where it can only absorb < 450 nm wavelength in the solar spectrum. In order to reduce the band gap, WO 3 was synthesized via different methods [18][19][20][21]. The narrow band gap of 2.20 -2.80 eV helps in absorption of ultraviolet region and blue region of visible light in solar spectrum [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Ng Et Al: Fabrication and Characterization Of Fe-doped Tungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high potential was needed to achieve the highest photocurrent production. This might be due to the rapid recombination rate in iron oxide as it has short carrier diffusion length of 2-4 nm [21]. The photogenerated charges (electron-holes) are easily separated by supplying bias to the PEC system and the reduction and oxidation reaction (process of splitting of water and generation of hydrogen) occurs at physically different electrode.…”

Section: Pec Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Fe-DOPED TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE PHOTOELECTRODES IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM USING TUNGSTIC ACID AND FERROCENE AS STARTING MATERIALS

Hang

Jaafar

Minggu³

et al. 2016

MJAS

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Different compositions of Fe-doped tungsten trioxide thin films were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by sol-gel method, with ferrocene and tungstic acid as starting materials. The synthesized thin films was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV/Vis spectrophotometer and photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis. The results show that the surface morphology of the thin films became rough and the grain size increased along with the concentration of Fe. Monoclinic structure of tungsten trioxide was obtained for all doped and undoped WO 3 and red-shift can be observed from UV-vis spectrum. Band gap reduced from 2.74 eV of undoped WO 3 thin films to 2.60 eV of 20 % Fe-doped WO 3 thin films. Photoactivities of all Fe-doped WO 3 are higher than undoped thin films. The highest photoactivities contributed by 5 % Fe-doped WO 3 films with photocurrent densities measured was 0.148 mA/cm 2 , which is 3 times higher compared to undoped WO 3 .Keywords: Fe-doped WO 3 , direct water splitting, photoelectrochemical cell, photoanode Abstrak Filem nipis tungsten trioksida terdop Fe berbagai komposisi telah disediakan di atas kaca substrat FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) dengan kaedah sol-gel, dengan menggunakan ferosin dan asid tingstik sebagai bahan pemula. Filem nipis yang terhasil kemudiannya dicirikan dengan pembelauan sinar X (XRD), mikroskopi elektron pengimbasan (SEM), UV/Vis spektrofotometer dan analisis fotoelektrokimia. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa morfologi permukaan filem nipis menjadi kasar dan saiz butiran bertambah dengan penambahan kepekatan Fe. Tungsten trioksida yang berstruktur monoklinik telah dihasilkan dan anjakan merah telah diperhatikan di dalam spectrum UV-vis. Jurang tenaga telah berkurang dari 2.74 eV (WO 3 tulen) kepada 2.60 eV (20 % Fe-dop WO 3 ). Fotoaktiviti WO 3 terdop Fe adalah lebih tinggi berbanding WO 3 tulen. Fotoaktiviti yang tertinggi dicatatkan oleh filem 5 % WO 3 terdop Fe dengan ketumpatan fotoarus 0.148 mA/cm 2 . Ia adalah 3 kali ganda lebih tinggi berbanding WO 3 tulen.Kata kunci: Fe-dop WO 3 , pembelahan air secara langsung, sel fotoelektrokimia, fotoanod

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“…After rinsing, the FTO glasses were blow-dried by nitrogen. The precursor solutions of WO 3 and Fe 2 O 3 have been prepared successfully and reported previously [16,18]. Triton X-100 surfactant has been used in order to prevent agglomeration and improve the quality of the nanostructures.…”

Section: Preparation Of (Wo 3 ) 1àx E(fe 2 O 3 ) X Thin Film Photo Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, pristine Fe 2 O 3 and WO 3 nanoparticles have been optimized for hydrogen production applications using different series of surfactants [16,17]. The ultimate goal of this study is to improve the efficiency and stability of semiconductor photo-electrodes by applying the composition of Fe 2 O 3 and WO 3 nanoparticles thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%