Influence of swelling rock on tunnelling

Fecker, Edwin

doi:10.1007/bf02595248

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Nevertheless, despite the suppression of the anhydrite transformation, considerable heave of the invert took place. According to Fecker (1981), this can only be attributed to the swelling of corrensite, thus proving the validity of the theory.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…Since the latter is a rather slow process, the swelling of corrensite constitutes the main initial swelling mechanism and thus the main cause of the heave of the tunnel invert at the early stage after tunnel excavation (Lippmann and Schu ¨le 1975). Fecker (1981) provided support for the ''corrensite-anhydrite theory'' by performing in situ swelling tests, in which the invert of an exploratory gallery (in the Wagenburg tunnel near Stuttgart) was soaked with a saturated magnesium chloride solution. The dissolved magnesium chloride shifts the thermodynamic equilibrium in favour of anhydrite, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the Occurrence of Anhydrite in the Sulphatic Claystones of the Gypsum Keuper

2014

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We investigate why the sulphatic claystones of the Gypsum Keuper contain anhydrite rather than gypsum even at small depths of cover. This question is relevant due to the phenomenon of swelling of anhydritic claystones, which is attributed to the transformation of anhydrite into gypsum and has caused serious damage to a number of tunnels. In tunnelling, the Gypsum Keuper formation is crossed at rather small depths, where simplified thermodynamic considerations indicate that the calcium sulphate should be encountered in its hydrated form, i.e. as gypsum rather than as anhydrite. Understanding why anhydrite can be found at small depths is not only interesting from a fundamental point of view, but also necessary in order to formulate adequate initial conditions for the continuummechanical models that simulate the chemo-mechanical and transport processes in swelling anhydritic claystones. The paper quantitatively examines three reasons which, alone or in combination, might explain the occurrence of anhydrite: the small size of the pores in argillaceous rocks; locally high stresses in the vicinity of the sulphate crystals; and the thermodynamic state of the pore water. The computations of the paper take account of the results of porosimetry experiments on samples from two Swiss tunnels in Gypsum Keuper and show that the most probable reason is the thermodynamic state of the pore water, i.e. its ability to participate in chemical reactions. More specifically, the clay minerals reduce the chemical potential of the pore water, thus increasing the solubility of the gypsum and shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium in favour of anhydrite.

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On the Occurrence of Anhydrite in the Sulphatic Claystones of the Gypsum Keuper

2014

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“…(a) Te anhydrite swelling process can last a very long time. Powder samples instead of natural rock were usually employed to carry out the test for establishing the model [6,14,15]. For example, Liu et al [14] used disk-shaped samples remodeled by anhydrite powder in the swelling test and obtained the relationship between the swelling stress and moisture.…”

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A Practical Swelling Constitutive Model of Anhydrite and Its Application on Tunnel Engineering

Wu,

Lin,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Swelling of anhydrite rock causes serious damage to the tunnel and generates high additional costs in the process of tunnel construction and operation and has gradually become one of the main factors that threaten the safety of the tunnel. It is extremely difficult to predict swelling pressures and deformations accurately based on conventional swelling constitutive models. Thus, a new practical swelling constitutive model of anhydrite for tunnel engineering has been developed. First, swelling tests of natural anhydrite samples focusing on the time effect have been designed and conducted, whose test results show that swelling strain-time can be described by the S-curve model and that swelling stress-strain can be described by the quadratic model. Second, a swelling constitutive model with considering the time effect has been developed to reproduce the swelling behavior of anhydrite observed in swelling tests. This model can track the evolution of swelling activity in tunneling, which has practical significance for process simulation and process control of swelling disaster. Then, this model has been implemented within ANSYS for numerical simulation of the Lirang tunnel. Based on simulation results, useful measures have been proposed. Satisfactory results have been achieved according to the feedback from the site.

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On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks

Serafeimidis¹

2014

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Influence of swelling rock on tunnelling

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

On the Occurrence of Anhydrite in the Sulphatic Claystones of the Gypsum Keuper

On the Occurrence of Anhydrite in the Sulphatic Claystones of the Gypsum Keuper

A Practical Swelling Constitutive Model of Anhydrite and Its Application on Tunnel Engineering

On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks

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