Influence of synthesis conditions on the performance of chitosan–Heteropolyacid complexes as membranes for low temperature H2–O2 fuel cell

Pecoraro, Claudio Maria; Santamaria, Monica; Bocchetta, Patrizia; Quarto, F. Di

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.083

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Instead of tedious cross-linking emulsion procedures, ionotropic gelation to prepare chitosan proton conducting membranes is a straightforward and mild process. The possible application of ionotropic gelation of chitosan to the synthesis of flat membranes with high proton conductivity was proven for the first time by Bocchetta in 2011 [21] and developed in further studies [26,27]. It is relaunched in this paper with new results and insights ( Figure 1c).…”

Section: Methods For the Fabrication Of Proton Conducting Chitosan-bamentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The Chit-PWA polymeric films were prepared following the experimental conditions of the first synthesis performed by the author in 2011 [21,26,27] (illustrated in Figure 1b and detailed in Section 3.1). Cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan was obtained by dissolving the polymer in slightly acid pH (acetic acid) aqueous solution according to the reaction illustrated in Figure 2a.…”

Section: The Big Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flat proton-conducting chitosan membranes have been obtained typically by solution-cast techniques [16,23,24,32,33] and chemical neutralization [34,35]. In contrast, ionotropic gelation is a procedure not deservedly developed in fuel cell literature, and thus, is confined to a very few papers [25,26]. Instead, ionotropic gelation is usually obtained by the polyelectrolyte complexation technique or crosslinking where hydrogels are formed by adding one polyelectrolyte to another polyelectrolyte having an opposite charge [36,37].…”

Section: Methods For the Fabrication Of Proton Conducting Chitosan-bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It involves a two-step procedure consisting of the immersion of the pre-formed Chit membrane in PWA aqueous solution [23,24]. Still, a few papers have developed this promising strategy with novel approaches [21,25,26].…”

Section: Why Phosphotungstic Acid?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Bocchetta

2020

Molecules

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(1) Background: Ionotropic gelation of cost-effective and eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan (Chit) is a novel and promising approach to the one-step synthesis of proton-conducting fuel cell bio-membranes.The method discovered by the author in 2011 and subsequently drowned among very few papers. This work aimed to relaunch this method through clear and effective communication of new unpublished results emphasizing the key aspects of this topic for successful dissemination of the results and significant future developments. (2) Methods and results: The mechanism of in-situ ionotropic gelation of Chit on an alumina substrate by phosphotungtate anions (PWA3−) was discussed and analyzed. The study sheds light on the effect of prolonged post-treatment in phosphotungstic acid (PWA) solution on the obtained chitosan/phosphotungstate (Chit-PWA) flat structures. Methods used included combined structural (XRD), thermal-gravimetric (DTG), electrochemical (in-situ EIS), compositional (EDX),morphological analysis (SEM), as well as the performances in a low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell(4) Conclusions: This contribution discloses novel possibilities aimed at increasing the impact of ionotropic gelation of chitosan on the scientific community working on the synthesis of novel proton conductive bio-composite membranes and structures.

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Section: Methods For the Fabrication Of Proton Conducting Chitosan-bamentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: The Big Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods For the Fabrication Of Proton Conducting Chitosan-bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Phosphotungstic Acid?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Bocchetta

2020

Molecules

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“…The ionic conductivities of CS-phosphotungstic acid (CS/PTA) composite membranes proposed and tested as proton conductors in low-temperature fuel cells fed by methanol, borohydride, and hydrogen are higher than that of CS membranes [53,54]. CS/PTA polyelectrolyte membranes prepared using porous alumina medium for the slow release of H 3 PW 12 O 40 exhibited good performance when applied as electrolytes in H 2 feed fuel cells, and a proton conductivity of ≈14 mS cm −1 was achieved [55][56][57]. The addition of a drying step on a glass support reduced the shrinkage and fabrication of flat homogeneous membranes and improved performance; the measured peak power density of membranes prepared through this approach was 550 mW cm −2 [57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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Biopolymers‐Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Abouricha,

Aziam,

Noukrati

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Nafion has been dominating the proton exchange membrane (PEM) market because of its adequacy for the proton exchange operation. However, because of its high cost, low performance at low relative humidity, and finally environmental unfriendliness, researchers have been developing and working on Nafion alternatives. In this review, we assess how biopolymers present an opportunity as an eco‐friendly material able to replace the conventional Nafion membrane in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Chitosan and cellulose were the most studied in literature owing to their abundance in nature, low cost, and high affinity for water, which are sought‐after properties for PEM. In addition to that, their ease of modification through their hydroxyl or amine groups represents an opportunity to further enhance their characteristics and thus meet the criteria of diverse applications. The use of biopolymers as an adequate PEM is facing many challenges. Having a practical proton conductivity and securing the physicochemical stability of the biopolymers in fuel cell operating conditions are two of the most important challenges to overcome. Promising strategies to simultaneously address these challenges such as crosslinking, making interpenetrated networks, and making blends and composites are reported.

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Influence of synthesis conditions on the performance of chitosan–Heteropolyacid complexes as membranes for low temperature H2–O2 fuel cell

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Biopolymers‐Based Proton Exchange Membranes For Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Review

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