Influence of tea waste concentration in the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of brick clay mixtures

Öztürk, Savaş; Sütçü, Mücahit; Erdoğmuş, Ertuğrul; Gençel, Osman

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.114

Cited by 84 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the water absorption remains within permissible range (IS 1077(IS , 1992. Similar trends of water absorption on tea waste addition have been reported by Ozturk et al (2019).…”

Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste

Sahu

Attri

Gupta

et al. 2019

JEDT

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Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of the addition of water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) and processed tea waste (PTW) on the properties of burnt clay bricks. The reuse of WTP sludge as a raw material for brick production is a long-term approach, to sludge disposal, for economic and environmental sustainability. Sludge have been added at 10, 20, 30 and 40% and processed tea waste at 5% (by weight) in replacement of clay for brick manufacturing. Each batch of hand-moulded bricks was fired in a heat controlled furnace at a temperature of 990°C. The compressive strength has been found to increase with the sludge content, however, a slight decrease in compressive strength was observed with tea waste addition. Further, PTW addition has improved the thermal insulation of bricks as compared to controlled bricks. The study shows that 40% WTPS, 5% PTW and 55% natural clayey soil can be considered as an optimum mix for bricks with good compressive strength as well as improved thermal insulation property. Design/methodology/approach Four different mixing ratios of sludge at 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the total weight of sludge-clay mixtures were used to make bricks. Similarly, PTW was investigated as a substitute of natural clayey soil in brick manufacturing. Each batch of hand-moulded bricks was fired in a heat controlled furnace at a temperature of 990°C. The physical, mechanical and engineering properties of the produced WTPS bricks and PTW bricks were determined and evaluated according to various Indian Standard Codes of Specification for burnt clay bricks and certain reference books. Findings The results exhibited that WTP sludge and PTW can be used to produce good quality brick for various engineering applications in construction and building. Increasing the sludge content increases the compressive strength. Moreover, thermal insulation of PTW bricks depicted an upward trend when compared to controlled bricks. Hence, an optimum mixture of 40% WTPS, 5% PTW and 55% natural clayey soil was found, at which bricks showed good compressive strength as well as improved thermal insulation property of the building material. Research limitations/implications The present work provides a sustainable solution for disposal of WTP sludge and tea waste. Utilization of these waste materials in brick manufacturing is viable and economic solution. Practical implications Bricks with 40% WTP sludge and 5% processed tea waste proved to be economic, technically sound for construction purposes with added thermal insulation properties. Social implications Bulk amount of waste such as WTP sludge is a threat to society owing to its environmental implications of disposal. Authors propose to use WTP sludge and tea waste for brick manufacturing and provide a solution to its disposal. Originality/value Water treatment plant sludge along with tea waste have not been tried for brick manufacturing so far. Hence, the composition is new in itself and also have resulted into good performance.

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“…However, the water absorption remains within permissible range (IS 1077(IS , 1992. Similar trends of water absorption on tea waste addition have been reported by Ozturk et al (2019).…”

Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste

Sahu

Attri

Gupta

et al. 2019

JEDT

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“…The weight loss at 0–100 °C [58], 101–600 °C and 601–1000 °C is due to the evaporation of physical water [31,58], burning of organic matter and evaporation of chemically-bound water, and de-hydroxylation of oxides and chlorites [31], respectively. Low weight loss occurred in mixes that contained silica fume, which might be due to low available water due to complete and enhanced hydration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Munoz et al [30] added pomace waste for making clay bricks and observed no adverse impact up to the addition of 5%, however, an addition more than 5% reduced the mechanical properties. Ozturk et al [31] used tea waste at different amounts for making brick clay mixtures to study the influence of tea waste on the properties of fired brick. They established that the usage of tea waste up to 10% has no negative impact on structural properties, and suggested that tea waste can be used as pore-making agents in the production of bricks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Autogenous Shrinkage in High-Strength Mortars with Saturated Tea Waste Particles

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to prevent early age autogenous shrinkage in high-strength mortars with saturated tea waste particles. In general, high strength and high performance concretes are made with low water/binder ratios; hence, they are susceptible to shrink at early ages. This shrinkage occurs due to self-desiccation that leads to autogenous shrinkage. To overcome self-desiccation problems in high-strength cement composites, it is necessary to keep the composites moist for a long time. Pre-saturated porous lightweight aggregates and super absorbent polymers are the most commonly used materials in high-strength cement composites to keep them moist for a long time; however, in this study, porous tea waste particles were used to keep the cement mortars moist. Pre-saturated tea waste particles were used in two different size proportions, making up as much as 3% of the volume of the binder. Moreover, commonly used lightweight aggregate (perlite) was also used to compare the outcomes of specimens made with tea waste particles. Different parameters were observed, such as, flow of fresh mortars, autogenous shrinkage, mechanical strengths and microstructure of specimens. The addition of tea waste and perlite particles in mortars made with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the only binder, showed a reduction in flow, autogenous shrinkage and mechanical strengths, as compared to mixes made with partial addition of silica fume. Although, the use of silica fume improved the mechanical strength of specimens. Moreover, the use of saturated tea waste and perlite particles also improved the microstructure of specimens at an age of 28 days. The results revealed that the saturated tea waste particles have the ability to prevent autogenous shrinkage but they reduce strength of high-strength mortars at early ages.

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“…The samples containing 7.5% olive waste show the best results, indicating that this organic waste could produce lighter bricks with sufficient mechanical characteristics and greater thermal insulating capacity. In addition, Ozturk et al 2019 [11] also investigated the effect of tea waste on the thermal efficiency of clay brick. It was found that bricks containing 10% tea waste burned at 1050 °C had better compressive strength than those baked at 950 °C due to densification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Olive Pomace Bottom Ash (by-Product of the Clay Brick Industry) for Manufacturing Sustainable Fired Clay Bricks

Boukili

Ouakarrouch

Lechheb

et al. 2021

Silicon

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The present work investigates the effect of using olive pomace bottom ash, the by-product of the clay brick industry, as an additive in the manufacture of fired clay bricks. Furthermore, it aims to improve the properties of clay bricks by using naturally available materials and also to develop an innovative way of recycling the waste resulting from the brick firing process. Olive pomace bottom ash was added to clay with multiple proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by weight. Bricks were molded by compression at 6.5 MPa, using a hydraulic brick press machine, and fired in an industrial scale furnace. The physicochemical, mineral, and geotechnical properties of raw materials were identified to study raw materials' effect on the final fired products' performance. The quality of fired specimens was determined by bulk density, linear shrinkage, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. In fact, samples with 5% olive pomace ash represent the highest compressive strength level, 11.5 MPa, compared to 9.65 MPa of reference samples. On the other hand, additions up to 20% increase the brick sample's porosity from 18.28% to 34% for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, and decrease the brick's bulk density from 1522 kg/m 3 to 1431 kg/m 3 for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively. The incorporation of ash also improves the thermal conductivity of brick specimens. Expressly, thermal conductivity went from 0.41 W/m.K to 0.33 W/m.K for the reference mixture and the brick incorporated with 20% of additive, respectively, showing 37% of gain in thermal insulating properties of brick. Unfortunately, the capillary water absorption coefficient increases to 28% when 20% of additive is incorporated, which is not desired in the properties of construction materials. ASTMC67-07a standards: 2003, recommend water absorption level less than 17% for bricks with moderate weathering resistance. It was concluded that the addition of olive pomace bottom ash should not exceed 10% since it can be helpful in fired clay brick production based on standards requirements, leading to remarkable ecological gains without a loss of brick's performances.

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Influence of tea waste concentration in the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of brick clay mixtures

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste

Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste

Prevention of Autogenous Shrinkage in High-Strength Mortars with Saturated Tea Waste Particles

Recycling of Olive Pomace Bottom Ash (by-Product of the Clay Brick Industry) for Manufacturing Sustainable Fired Clay Bricks

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