Influence of Technological Measures on Buckwheat Productivity

Abstract

Ukraine has favorable climatic and soil conditions for the cultivation of various niche crops, including buckwheat, which is in great demand on the market of Ukraine and other countries. The article provides measures to improve the technology of growing buckwheat with a high level of adaptability for specific growing conditions during the biologicalization of technological measures, the latest research and publications are elaborated; objectively assessed the importance and relevance of research on the issue of controlling weed vegetation during early spring and pre-sowing cultivation and harrowing with light harrows in phase 1-2 buckwheat leaves, which effectively reduce the level of weediness in buckwheat crops at the initial stages of growth and development of cultivated plants, because the sprouts of buckwheat plants are less competitive with weeds; optimization of the main nutrients during the treatment of buckwheat seeds before sowing with microbiological preparations that improve the morphobiological indicators of cultivated plants and subsequently affect the formation of the yield of buckwheat seeds when growing it in the soil and climatic conditions of the Pravoberezhny Forest Steppe. The results of the study of the influence of various preparative forms of processing buckwheat seeds with biological preparations on the formation of the yield of buckwheat seeds of the highly productive domestic variety Antaria were analyzed. It was determined that the use of various methods of processing buckwheat seeds by inoculation and treatment with biostimulants before sowing is an effective technological measure that allows to significantly increase the productivity of buckwheat agrocenoses with the lowest energy costs. As a result of agrotechnical measures, it was noted that early spring and pre-sowing cultivation + harrowing in the phase of 1-2 leaves on crops of Antaria buckwheat significantly led to the death of weeds. In areas where, in addition to agrotechnical measures, inoculation with Diazophyte and biostimulant Biocomplex of BTU was carried out, the number of weeds decreased by 34%, compared to areas where buckwheat seeds were treated with microbiological preparations and early spring and pre-sowing cultivation was carried out. To effectively control weeds in buckwheat agrocenoses, early spring and pre-sowing cultivation + harrowing should be carried out in the phase of 1–2 buckwheat leaves. Before sowing, buckwheat seeds should be treated with the microbiological preparation Diazofit + biostimulant Biocomplex BTU (100 ml. + 150 ml per hectare rate of seeds). These measures will contribute to the reduction of weeds by up to 36% and the possibility of obtaining a yield of buckwheat grain at the level of 1.54 t/ha.