Influence of temperature on retinal ganglion cell response and e.r.g. of goldfish

Schellart, Nico A. M.; Spekreijse, H.; Berg, T. J. T. P. Van Den

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010522

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results suggest that glutamate may modulate the activity of INL neurons at higher frequencies, but cannot drive the RGC firing rates at those higher frequencies. We speculate that this difference between gSR and gLFP response frequencies may be due to the relatively low temperature (22 °C) at which this study was conducted because previous work has shown that the latencies of LFP responses are less affected by shifts in temperature than spike rate responses33. Extrapolating our data to body temperature (37 °C) using the Q10 values reported by Schellart et al 33,.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Differential stimulation of the retina with subretinally injected exogenous neurotransmitter: A biomimetic alternative to electrical stimulation

Rountree

Inayat

Troy

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Subretinal stimulation of the retina with neurotransmitters, the normal means of conveying visual information, is a potentially better alternative to electrical stimulation widely used in current retinal prostheses for treating blindness from photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Yet, no subretinal electrical or chemical stimulation study has stimulated the OFF and ON pathways differentially through inner retinal activation. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of differentially stimulating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through the inner nuclear layer of the retina with glutamate, a primary neurotransmitter chemical, in a biomimetic way. We show that controlled pulsatile delivery of glutamate into the subsurface of explanted wild-type rat retinas elicits highly localized simultaneous inhibitory and excitatory spike rate responses in OFF and ON RGCs. We also present the spatiotemporal characteristics of RGC responses to subretinally injected glutamate and the therapeutic stimulation parameters. Our findings could pave the way for future development of a neurotransmitter-based subretinal prosthesis offering more naturalistic vision and better visual acuity than electrical prostheses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Differential stimulation of the retina with subretinally injected exogenous neurotransmitter: A biomimetic alternative to electrical stimulation

Rountree

Inayat

Troy

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The results suggest that glutamate may modulate the activity of INL neurons at higher frequencies, but cannot drive the RGC firing rates at those higher frequencies. We speculate that this difference between gSR and gLFP response frequencies may be due to the relatively low temperature (22°C) at which this study was conducted because previous work has shown that the latencies of LFP responses are less affected by shifts in temperature than spike rate responses 29 . Extrapolating our data to body temperature (37°C) using the Q10 values reported by Schellart et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Extrapolating our data to body temperature (37°C) using the Q10 values reported by Schellart et al . 29 , we predict that gSR temporal resolutions as high as 14 Hz may be achievable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Differential stimulation of the retina with glutamate toward a neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthesis

Inayat

Jb³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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13Subretinal stimulation of the retina with neurotransmitters, the normal means of conveying visual 14 information, is a potentially better alternative to electrical stimulation widely used in current retinal 15 prostheses for treating blindness from photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Yet, no retinal 16 stimulation study exploiting the inner retinal pathways exists. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility 17 of differentially stimulating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through the inner nuclear layer of the 18 retina with glutamate, a primary neurotransmitter chemical, in a biomimetic way. We show that 19 controlled pulsatile delivery of glutamate into the subsurface of explanted wild-type rat retinas 20 elicits highly localized simultaneous inhibitory and excitatory spike rate responses in OFF and ON 21 RGCs. We also present the spatiotemporal characteristics of RGC responses to subretinally 22 injected glutamate and the therapeutic stimulation parameters. Our findings could pave the way 23 for future development of a neurotransmitter-based subretinal prosthesis offering more 24 naturalistic vision and better visual acuity than electrical prostheses.25

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“…The responses of goldfish cones were recorded at room temperature (20°C) whereas the responses of macaque horizontal cells were recorded at 36°C (Dacey & Lee, 1994). Given a Q 10 between 2 and 4 (Schellart et al 1974), this temperature difference can account for the differences in time constants. The close correspondence of the other parameters between the goldfish and macaque cones may reflect the high level of conservation in the phototransduction machinery between these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cones perform a non-linear transformation on natural stimuli

Endeman¹,

Kamermans²

2010

The Journal of Physiology

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Visual information in natural scenes is distributed over a broad range of intensities and contrasts. This distribution has to be compressed in the retina to match the dynamic range of retinal neurons. In this study we examined how cones perform this compression and investigated which physiological processes contribute to this operation. M-and L-cones of the goldfish were stimulated with a natural time series of intensities (NTSI) and their responses were recorded. The NTSI displays an intensity distribution which is skewed towards the lower intensities and has a long tail into the high intensity region. Cones transform this skewed distribution into a more symmetrical one. The voltage responses of the goldfish cones were compared to those of a linear filter and a non-linear biophysical model of the photoreceptor. The results show that the linear filter under-represents contrasts at low intensities compared to the actual cone whereas the non-linear biophysical model performs well over the whole intensity range used. Quantitative analysis of the two approaches indicates that the non-linear biophysical model can capture 91 ± 5% of the coherence rate (a biased measure of information rate) of the actual cone, where the linear filter only reaches 48 ± 8%. These results demonstrate that cone photoreceptors transform an NTSI in a non-linear fashion. The comparison between current clamp and voltage clamp recordings and analysis of the behaviour of the biophysical model indicates that both the calcium feedback loop in the outer segment and the hydrolysis of cGMP are the major components that introduce the specific non-linear response properties found in the goldfish cones.

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Influence of temperature on retinal ganglion cell response and e.r.g. of goldfish

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Differential stimulation of the retina with subretinally injected exogenous neurotransmitter: A biomimetic alternative to electrical stimulation

Differential stimulation of the retina with subretinally injected exogenous neurotransmitter: A biomimetic alternative to electrical stimulation

Differential stimulation of the retina with glutamate toward a neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthesis

Cones perform a non-linear transformation on natural stimuli

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