Influence of the Anionic Composition of Initial Salts on Obtaining Zinc Orthostannate by the Sol-Gel Method

An Innovative Solid-State Approach to Zinc Orthostannate: Remarkable Sintering Temperature Reduction via Lithium Doping and Mechanochemical Activation of Low-Melting Precursors

“…The additional improvement of the phase purity was achieved by shortening the sintering time from 240 to 90 min, which resulted in its surge from 97.5–99.8% (ZTO-2) to 98.1–100% (ZTO-3) as shown in Figure c; for details on phase purity, see Table S2. Evidently, the above results demonstrate a remarkable reduction of the sintering temperature compared to other reports, e.g., a combined sol–gel–sintering method at 1000 °C via the combined sol–gel sintering method or mechanochemical preactivation followed by sintering at 1250 °C …”

“…ZTO remains stable under extreme conditions and is a promising n-type semiconductor material for a broad range of applications such as photovoltaics, − batteries, sensing , technologies, and photocatalysts. − For example, conversely to commonly used TiO 2 in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), ZTO exhibits superior and unique properties of high electrical conductivity and electron mobility (10–15 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ) and also low visible absorption. , The wide band gap energy of ZTO (3.6 eV) is responsible for enhanced photostability against UV light and reduces photobleaching in DSSCs . Moreover, the band gap energy of ZTO can be readily tuned by controlling the internal-defect states, − the change of Zn/Sn ratio, or doping with metals. − The physicochemical properties and morphologies of ZTO materials properties are very often strongly affected by their processing procedures. ,− Among various methods of ZTO synthesis, such as hydrothermal, , sputtering, and sol–gel, , the solid-state process exhibits a lot of advantages. The solid-state approach is adaptable for mass production, generates less toxic postsynthetic waste, and provides highly efficient luminescent materials. , The process duration is relatively short, but it requires a highly elevated temperature.…”

Novel Highly Dispersed Additive for Proton-Conducting Composites

“…Zinc metastannate ZnSnO 3 has an orthorhombic elementary lattice with a perovskite-like crystal structure, while zinc orthostannate Zn 2 SnO 4 has a cubic lattice with a spinel-type structure. Various methods are used to obtain these compounds, including low-temperature ion exchange, sol-gel technology, and coprecipitation followed by thermal treatment [4,[28][29][30][31][32]. Among them, the sol-gel method is the most commonly used approach due to its ease of control, low-temperature, and high efficiency for obtaining various homogeneous nanostructures.…”