Influence of the atmosphere on the mechanical properties and slag resistance of magnesia-chrome bricks

Liu, Gengfu; Li, Yawei; Zhu, Tianbin; Xu, Yong; Li, Jun; Sang, Shaobai; Li, Quanyou; Li, Yuanjin

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.146

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is lower compared to the rest of the predominant phasesρ MgO = 3.59 g/cm 3 , ρ (Fe,Mg)Cr2O4 = 4.70 g/cm 3 -resulting in the major loosening of the microstructure and causing, if it occurs in excess, so-called "forsterite bursting", detrimental for the performance of refractories. The microstructure disintegration was previously reported for massive formation of forsterite as corrosion product [2,14,22,39,40,67,74,75].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Corrosion Resistance of MgO and Cr2O3-Based Refractory Raw Materials to PbO-Rich Cu Slag Determined by Hot-Stage Microscopy and Pellet Corrosion Test

et al. 2022

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Chemical resistance of commercial refractory raw materials against Cu slag is critical to consider them as candidates for the production of refractories used in Cu metallurgy. In this study, we show the comparative results for the corrosion resistance of four commercial refractory raw materials—magnesia chromite co-clinkers FMC 45 and FMC 57, PAK, and fused spinel SP AM 70—against aggressive, low-melting PbO-rich Cu slag (Z1) determined by hot-stage microscopy (up to 1450 °C) and pellet test (1100 and 1400 °C). Samples were characterized after the pellet test by XRD, SEM/EDS, and examination of their physicochemical properties to explore the corrosion reactions and then assess comparatively their chemical resistance. Since many works have focused on corrosion resistance of refractory products, the individual refractory raw materials have not been investigated so far. In this work, we show that magnesia chromite co-clinker FMC 45 exhibits the most beneficial properties considering its application in the production of refractories for the Cu industry. Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and güggenite (Cu2MgO3) solid solutions constitute corrosion products in FMC 45, and its mixture with slag shows moderate dimensional stability at high temperatures. On the other hand, the fused spinel SP AM 70 is the least resistant to PbO-rich Cu slag (Z1); it starts to sinter at 970 °C, followed by a fast 8%-shrinkage caused by the formation of güggenite solid solution in significant amounts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Corrosion Resistance of MgO and Cr2O3-Based Refractory Raw Materials to PbO-Rich Cu Slag Determined by Hot-Stage Microscopy and Pellet Corrosion Test

et al. 2022

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“…Because of their excellent resistance to iron slag and SO 2 corrosion, as well as their good resistance to melting scour, magnesia‐chrome refractories are utilized in submerged oxygen‐enriched top‐blown melting furnaces. Magnesia‐chrome refractories are refractory products with the main component magnesia and chrome trioxide, and the main minerals periclase and magnesium‐chromium spinel, that have high refractoriness, high‐temperature strength, strong resistance to alkaline slag corrosion, and excellent resistance to thermal shock performance 8–11 . Also, magnesia‐chrome refractories are classified into four types based on their raw material composition: direct bonded magnesia‐chrome bricks, electrofusion rebonded magnesia‐chrome bricks, electrofusion semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome bricks, and regular magnesia‐chrome bricks 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesia-chrome refractories are refractory products with the main component magnesia and chrome trioxide, and the main minerals periclase and magnesium-chromium spinel, that have high refractoriness, high-temperature strength, strong resistance to alkaline slag corrosion, and excellent resistance to thermal shock performance. [8][9][10][11] Also, magnesia-chrome refractories are classified into four types based on their raw material composition: direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks, electrofusion rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks, electrofusion semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks, and regular magnesia-chrome bricks. 12 Among them, the semi-rebonded magnesiachrome bricks, for example, are composed of synthetic raw materials as particles, chrome concentrate, and magnesia as fine powder, and fired at temperatures over 1700 • C. 12 Furthermore, the microstructural morphology demonstrates direct bonding allowing it to be employed in the most corroded areas of the heat-blown slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion mechanism and behavior of nickel slag on semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome brick for top‐blown furnace

Zong,

Lu,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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The corrosion behavior and mechanism of nickel slag on semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome brick are investigated. The variations in the specimens before and after corrosion were studied using microstructure, phase composition, and thermodynamic simulations. The results reveal that at high temperatures, the metal oxides in nickel slag easily react with Cr2O3 to generate Cr‐spinel, and the isolation layer forms a continuous phase on the surface of the refractory. The appearance of the isolation layer causes the nickel slag corrosion process on semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome brick to shift from direct to indirect corrosion controlled by ion diffusion, effectively blocking the continuous penetration of Ca2+ and Si4+ in the slag inside the refractories. As a result, the semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome brick resists nickel slag corrosion extremely well.

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“…However, ZrO 2 has a very high raw material cost, and Cr 2 O 3 remains the best choice for refractory materials for nonferrous smelting furnaces. Thus, magnesia-chrome refractories are still used in a large scale because of their low cost, but refractory linings must be replaced every several months because of chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. China produces nearly 4 million tonnes of spent magnesia-chrome bricks every year according to statistics [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals From Spent Magnesia–Chrome Refractories by Ferric Chloride–Hydrochloride Leaching

Xue

Jiao

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A large amount of spent magnesia-chrome refractories is produced every year from nonferrous metallurgy industry in China. These spent refractories contain not only Mg and Cr but also a large amount of Ag, Pb, Bi, Cu, Sb and other valuable metals. This study proposes a high-efficiency, low-cost and recyclable technology for the treatment of spent magnesia-chromium refractories. In the hydrochloric acid-ferric chloride leaching system, under the conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration of 4.0 mol/L, liquid-solid ratio of 7:1, ferric chloride dosage of 4%, leaching temperature of 70 °C, leaching time of 90 min and stirring intensity of 500 rpm, Cr, Fe and Al are enriched in the leaching residue, and the recoveries are 92.26%, 78.30% and 97.34%, respectively. The extraction rates of Mg, Pb, Bi, Sb, Cu and Ag are 89.04%, 98.88%, 99.82%, 91.48%, 92.64% and 96.38%, respectively. The residue can be used as chromium products, whilst metal ion in the leachate can be precipitated as metallurgical raw materials. According to thermodynamic calculation and experiments, ferric chloride can greatly improve the leaching rate of copper, silver and bismuth in the hydrochloric acid system, depending on its own oxidation ability and increase the concentration of chloride ion.The contributing editor for this article was Atsushi Shibayama.

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Influence of the atmosphere on the mechanical properties and slag resistance of magnesia-chrome bricks

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Corrosion Resistance of MgO and Cr2O3-Based Refractory Raw Materials to PbO-Rich Cu Slag Determined by Hot-Stage Microscopy and Pellet Corrosion Test

Corrosion Resistance of MgO and Cr2O3-Based Refractory Raw Materials to PbO-Rich Cu Slag Determined by Hot-Stage Microscopy and Pellet Corrosion Test

Corrosion mechanism and behavior of nickel slag on semi‐rebonded magnesia‐chrome brick for top‐blown furnace

Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals From Spent Magnesia–Chrome Refractories by Ferric Chloride–Hydrochloride Leaching

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