Influence of the chronic groundwater fluoride consumption on cholinergic enzymes, ACHE and BCHE gene SNPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines: A study with Pakistani population groups

Bibi, Sara; Habib, Rabia; Shafiq, Sania; Abbas, Syed Sayyam; Khan, Shaiza; Eqani, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah; Nepovimová, Eugenie; Khan, Mansoor Shaukat; Kuča, Kamil; Nurulain, Syed M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163359

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Gene polymorphisms of BChE were studied in relation to groundwater fluoride toxicity[ 21 ]. In clinically healthy adults from Pakistan, fluorosis was associated with elevated BChE activity[ 21 ].…”

Section: Association Of Butyrylcholinesterase and Environmental Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging significance of butyrylcholinesterase

Sridhar,

Gumpeny

2024

World J Exp Med

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Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8), an enzyme structurally related to acetylcholinesterase, is widely distributed in the human body. It plays a role in the detoxification of chemicals such as succinylcholine, a muscle relaxant used in anesthetic practice. BChE is well-known due to variant forms of the enzyme with little or no hydrolytic activity which exist in some endogamous communities and result in prolonged apnea following the administration of succinylcholine. Its other functions include the ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine, the cholinergic neurotransmitter in the brain, when its primary hydrolytic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, is absent. To assess its potential roles, BChE was studied in relation to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognition, hepatic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Individuals who lack the enzyme activity of BChE are otherwise healthy, until they are given drugs hydrolyzed by this enzyme. Therefore, BChE is a candidate for the study of loss-of-function mutations in humans. Studying individuals with variant forms of BChE can provide insights into whether they are protected against metabolic diseases. The potential utility of the enzyme as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease and the response to its drug treatment can also be assessed.

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Section: Association Of Butyrylcholinesterase and Environmental Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging significance of butyrylcholinesterase

Sridhar,

Gumpeny

2024

World J Exp Med

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“…In Pakistan, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were increased in people who drank high fluoride-contained water over a long period of time, and there was a significant correlation between fluoride exposure and cholinergase. This may be due to low-grade systemic inflammation through the cholinergic pathway ( 131 ). Besides, NaF significantly increases the mRNA and protein levels of MAPK signaling pathways and significantly inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and cyclooxygenase-2 and anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL-4 and TGF-β, thus resulting in the body’s immune dysfunction and inflammatory response ( 132 – 134 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Fluoride On Immun-active Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in research on the role of fluoride in immune damage

Zhu,

Wei

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Excessive fluoride intake from residential environments may affect multiple tissues and organs; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Researchers have recently focused on the damaging effects of fluoride on the immune system. Damage to immune function seriously affects the quality of life of fluoride-exposed populations and increases the incidence of infections and malignant tumors. Probing the mechanism of damage to immune function caused by fluoride helps identify effective drugs and methods to prevent and treat fluorosis and improve people’s living standards in fluorosis-affected areas. Here, the recent literature on the effects of fluoride on the immune system is reviewed, and research on fluoride damage to the immune system is summarized in terms of three perspectives: immune organs, immune cells, and immune-active substances. We reviewed that excessive fluoride can damage immune organs, lead to immune cells dysfunction and interfere with the expression of immune-active substances. This review aimed to provide a potential direction for future fluorosis research from the perspective of fluoride-induced immune function impairment. In order to seek the key regulatory indicators of fluoride on immune homeostasis in the future.

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“…5,6 The WHO has defined the permissible fluoride concentration in drinking water as 1.5 mg/L, 7 and drinking water above this limit for an extended period of time can lead to fluorosis, a condition that primarily affects bones and teeth and, in severe cases, results in neuro-degenerative diseases. 8 Water defluoridation procedures such as ion exchange, adsorption, nanofiltration, electrocoagulation, and membrane separation have all been documented. 9 Adsorption is still a common approach for water defluoridation because it is a costeffective way of producing high-quality treated effluent while also providing design and scale-up flexibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, depending on the geographical location, groundwater contains significant concentrations of minerals such as fluoride ions, making it dangerous to drink. , Fluoride is an anionic main pollutant in many developing nations. It causes fluorosis of bone, dental fluorosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer in many impoverished individuals who are unable to treat their drinking water to suggested allowable limits. , The WHO has defined the permissible fluoride concentration in drinking water as 1.5 mg/L, and drinking water above this limit for an extended period of time can lead to fluorosis, a condition that primarily affects bones and teeth and, in severe cases, results in neuro-degenerative diseases …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potent and Versatile Biogenically Synthesized Alumina/Nickel Oxide Nanocomposite Adsorbent for Defluoridation of Drinking Water

Alterary

2024

ACS Omega

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In the present work, an extract of Salvia officinalis leaves was used to synthesize an alumina/NiO nanocomposite by the coprecipitation method. First, the shape and surface content of the synthesized adsorbent were determined. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the production of nanospheres and nanorods with sizes between 35 and 50 nm. X-ray diffraction measurement revealed strong, high-intensity peaks, confirming the preparation of a highly crystalline alumina/nickel oxide nanocomposite. Then, the pure nanoalumina, nickel oxide, and functionalized alumina/nickel oxide nanocomposite for water defluoridation were investigated under various conditions, for example, stirring period, pH, and initial fluoride concentration. Defluoridation with greener alumina, nickel oxide, and alumina/nickel oxide nanocomposite lasted 120 min at adsorbent dosages of 0.8 g/L in a pH 7 solution. The adoption process for the three sorbents matches the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The process dynamics were explored using pseudo-second-order and first-order kinetics. The water quality after treatment met drinking water requirements, proving the viability of using nanoparticles for drinking water defluoridation. This work confirmed effective water defluoridation in the crystalline phase using synthesized nanoalumina, nickel oxide, and their nanocomposite, which highlights their importance for future drinking water defluoridation.

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Influence of the chronic groundwater fluoride consumption on cholinergic enzymes, ACHE and BCHE gene SNPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines: A study with Pakistani population groups

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Emerging significance of butyrylcholinesterase

Emerging significance of butyrylcholinesterase

Progress in research on the role of fluoride in immune damage

Potent and Versatile Biogenically Synthesized Alumina/Nickel Oxide Nanocomposite Adsorbent for Defluoridation of Drinking Water

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