Influence of the composition on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the PEFC cathode

Gode, Peter; Jaouen, Frédéric; Lindbergh, Göran; Lundblad, Anders; Sundholm, G.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00603-0

Cited by 175 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The selected frequency range extended from 5 kHz to 250 mHz, with 50 frequencies logarithmically selected. The perturbation amplitude was set to 5% of the DC current [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these data are crucial in order to tackle some of the most challenging actual issues of fuel cells, such as membrane drying and gas diffusion layer flooding [6,7]. For this reason, EIS has widely been applied for membrane electrode assembly optimization [8][9][10][11][12][13]; operation conditions optimization [14,15]; degradation studies [16,17]; control [18] and diagnosis [19][20]. The technique has been applied both, to fuel cell single cells [20][21][22][23][24] and to fuel cell stacks [19,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination

Giner-Sanz

Ortega

Pérez-Herranz

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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ElsevierGiner Sanz, JJ.; Ortega Navarro, EM.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2015). Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination. Electrochimica Acta. 174:1290Acta. 174: -1298Acta. 174: . doi:10.1016Acta. 174: /j.electacta.2015 Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination Keywords: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; measurement parameters; optimization; factorial experimental design; PEMFC. AbstractCurrently, electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used tool for the study of electrochemical systems, in general; and fuel cells, in particular. A great effort is typically invested in the analysis of the obtained spectra; whereas, little time is usually spent optimizing the measurement parameters used to obtain these spectra. In general, the default settings provided by the control software used to perform the measurements, or the parameters used in similar systems available in literature, are selected to carry out the measurements. The goal of this work is to determine the optimal measurement parameters for obtaining impedance spectra of a commercial PEM fuel cell. In order to achieve this, a 2 5 factorial design was considered. Five factors were considered, the five impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters: maximum integration time; minimum number of integration cycles; number of stabilization cycles; maximum stabilization time; and minimum cycle fraction. For each factor combination envisaged in the experimental design, the cell spectrum was obtained in given operation conditions, for which the reference spectrum of the system was known, since it had been determined in previous works. The experimentally obtained spectra were fitted to the reference electric equivalent circuit. The mean square error between the experimental data fitting and the reference spectrum fitting was determined in each case, and was used as the dependant variable for the experimental design analysis. An analysis of the variance was performed in order to determine which measurement parameters have a significant effect on the dependant variable; and a model relating the dependant variable and the measurement parameters was built. This model was used in order to obtain the optimal value of each one of the measurement parameters that minimized the mean square error of the fit obtained from the experimental data with respect to the reference fit.

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“…The selected frequency range extended from 5 kHz to 250 mHz, with 50 frequencies logarithmically selected. The perturbation amplitude was set to 5% of the DC current [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination

Giner-Sanz

Ortega

Pérez-Herranz

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The experimental observations of Gode et al (Gode et al, 2003) revealed that the resistance of ionomer to proton conduction is very small. Thus, for agglomerates saturated with ionomer, the ohmic loss due to proton transport is also negligible.…”

Section: The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reliability of the spherical agglomerate models for catalyst layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhang

Ostadi

Jiang

et al. 2014

Electrochimica Acta

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“…All the spectra were obtained for a DC current of 1 A. The perturbation amplitude was set to 5% of the DC current [10].…”

Section: Experimental Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these data are crucial in order to tackle some of the most challenging actual issues of fuel cells, such as membrane drying and gas diffusion layer flooding [6][7]. Therefore, EIS has widely been applied for membrane electrode assembly optimization [8][9][10][11][12][13]; operation conditions optimization [14][15][16][17]; control [18] and diagnosis [19][20]. The technique has been applied both, to fuel cell single cells [20][21][22][23][24] and to fuel cell stacks [19,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Montecarlo based quantitative Kramers–Kronig test for PEMFC impedance spectrum validation

Giner-Sanz

Ortega

Pérez-Herranz

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful tool to study the behaviour of electrochemical systems. At present, it is widely used in the fuel cell field in order to study challenging cutting edge issues as membrane drying or gas diffusion layer flooding amongst others. The proper analysis of impedance data requires the fulfilment of four fundamental conditions: causality, linearity, stability and finiteness. The non compliance with any of these conditions may lead to biased, or even misguided, conclusions. Therefore it is critical to verify the compliance of these conditions before accepting any analysis performed on an experimental spectrum. This is even more important in a fuel cell experimental spectrum analysis, since fuel cells are markedly non stationary systems. The aim of this work is to establish an impedance spectrum quantitative validation technique to validate the whole experimental spectrum and to identify the individual points within a spectrum that do not comply any of the four conditions, in order to remove these inconsistent points from the analysis. The designed validation method consists in a Kramers-Kronig (KK) validation test, by equivalent electrical circuit fitting, coupled with a Montecarlo error propagation method. In a first step, the experimental spectrum is fitted to a particular electrical equivalent circuit, which satisfies the KK relations. Then, in a second step, a statistical Montecarlo method is used in order to propagate the model fitting parameter uncertainty through the model. Using this approach, a consistency region is built for a given confidence level: the experimental points inside this region are considered consistent for the given confidence level, whereas the outside points are rejected. The method was used on PEMFC experimental impedance spectra; and it successfully managed to identify inconsistent points, associated to no stationarities.2

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Influence of the composition on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the PEFC cathode

Cited by 175 publications

References 17 publications

Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination

Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination

Reliability of the spherical agglomerate models for catalyst layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Montecarlo based quantitative Kramers–Kronig test for PEMFC impedance spectrum validation

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