Influence of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in brackish groundwater on water intake, nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of mature goats and sheep

Effects of Salinity Levels of Drinking Water on Water Intake and Loss, Feed Utilization, Body Weight, Thermoregulatory Traits, and Blood Constituents in Growing and Mature Blackhead Ogaden Sheep and Somali Goats

“…Water treatment had no effect on the concentrations of most blood parameters (p > 0.05; Tables 6 and 7). This agrees with studies that indicated an absence of drinking water salinity on levels of HB, PCV, and glucose in Boer and Spanish goats [12,27]; on the levels of glucose, creatinine, BUN, total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and ALT in Baluchi lambs [13]; and on the levels of albumin, total protein, and triglycerides in sheep [7,10,12]. In contrast, other studies reported an effect of water salinity on the levels of glucose, BUN, and creatinine in goats [29].…”

“…It also increases urine excretion [ 13 , 27 ]; however, other researchers [ 27 , 28 ] have reported a lack of its effect on water intake. In studies of three breeds of young and mature sheep and goats, drinking water intake increased due to increased salinity levels, although there was no interaction between animal type and water treatment, indicating that sheep and goats responded similarly [ 7 , 12 ].…”

“…Though animals can consume saline water, tolerance to the salt content in drinking water varies with species, breed, age, physiological condition, and salt content of the water and diet [ 7 , 11 , 12 ]. The tolerance of goats to water with high salinity has been noted to be greater than that of sheep [ 3 ] but lower than those of other livestock species [ 4 , 6 ].…”

“…The tolerance of goats to water with high salinity has been noted to be greater than that of sheep [ 3 ] but lower than those of other livestock species [ 4 , 6 ]. Different breeds of young and mature sheep and goats were tolerant to brackish groundwater with TDS levels up to 10 g/L containing different types of dissolved salts, and there were no interactions between breed and water type [ 7 , 12 ]. Breeds of ruminants that are well adapted to desert environments demonstrate a greater ability to ameliorate the stressful effects induced by drinking salty water [ 9 , 13 ].…”

Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep

“…The only variables affected by WT were water intake, blood creatinine kinase concentration, and heart rate. In the study of Patra et al. (2023) with Boer, Spanish, and Tennessee Stiff-Leg does and Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix ewes consuming TDS levels up to 100 % greater than in the natural source, only a few variables were also significant among the treatments such water intake, plasma osmolality, total blood aldosterone levels, VFA concentration, molar proportion of butyrate, and blood phosphorus concentration.…”