The magnetic properties of TmNi 2 B 2 C were measured with 169 Tm Mössbauer spectroscopy at temperatures from 0.3 to 700 K. A clear transition in the quadrupole splitting ͑QS͒ near 1 K is observed, which might be due to magnetic ordering or to quadrupole ordering. Although a possible small magnetic Tm moment of ϳ0.1͑1͒ B is found below ϳ1 K, the change in QS is larger than expected due to magnetic ordering only. Therefore the nature of the transition is unclear at this moment. From the temperature dependence of QS is deduced that the crystal-field ground-state level most likely equals the singlet a͉Ϫ4͘ϩb͉0͘ϩa͉ϩ4͘.
͓S0163-1829͑96͒02746-4͔Over the past few years, the RNi 2 B 2 C compounds ͑Rϭrare earth͒ have been the subject of different studies including magnetization, 1 specific heat, 2 inelastic neutron scattering, 3 and ϩ SR. [4][5][6] In some of these compounds ͑R ϭTm, Er, and Ho͒ these studies revealed the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. As the strength of the exchange interaction between R atoms increases ͑De Gennes scaling͒ the transition to the superconducting state occurs at lower temperatures, due to the increase of magnetic Cooper pair breaking. 7 For TmNi 2 B 2 C it is believed that the Tm sublattice orders magnetically at T N ϭ1.52͑5͒ K ͑Ref. 2͒ with the Tm moments aligned along the c axis. 1 The Tm moments are ferromagnetically coupled in the TmC plane and antiferromagnetically between the TmC planes. 2 Such a magnetic structure produces an approximately zero magnetic field at the superconducting NiB layers and is therefore able to coexist with the superconducting phase of the compound ͓T c ϭ10.8 K ͑Ref. 1͔͒. Surprisingly, ϩ SR measurements on TmNi 2 B 2 C ͑Refs. 4-6͒ reveal that a spontaneous internal field is present until ϳ30 K which is far above T N . This spontaneous field saturates below ϳ2.5 K. If this internal field is caused by only the Tm moments, the saturation value corresponds to a Tm moment of ϳ0.1 B . As superconductivity is believed to be concentrated in the NiB layers 8 and even small magnetic Ni moments would tend to destroy the correlations between the Cooper electrons, magnetism caused by the Ni atoms is not very likely. Furthermore, no antiferromagnetic correlations between the Ni atoms have been observed in YNi 2 B 2 C. 9 In order to obtain more information about the magnetic properties of this compound, TmNi 2 B 2 C is studied by 169 Tm Mössbauer spectroscopy. This technique uses the 169 Tm nucleus as a probe and its quadrupole splitting is very sensitive to the behavior of the electronic 4 f shell of the Tm atom. Since the properties of the conduction electrons are screened by the core electrons, Mössbauer spectroscopy is not sensitive to the superconducting properties. In this paper we present the results of this study.The polycrystalline sample of TmNi 2 B 2 C was prepared by arc melting from starting materials of at least 99.9% purity.X-ray diffraction showed the desired crystal structure combined with a second unknown phase of ϳ10%. This second phase did...