Influence of the Electrolyte Quantity on Lithium-Ion Cells

Günter, Florian J.; Burgstaller, Clemens; Konwitschny, Fabian; Reinhart, Gunther

doi:10.1149/2.0121910jes

Cited by 93 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For conventional LIBs, the liquid electrolyte is injected into the cell to fill the pores in the electrodes and the separator. The process is decisive for the overall cell quality and the subsequent wetting can be a bottleneck in cell production …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrolyte Filling and Riveting: For conventional LIBs, the liquid electrolyte is injected into the cell to fill the pores in the electrodes and the separator. The process is decisive for the overall cell quality [36,66] and the subsequent wetting can be a bottleneck in cell production. [67] Formation: During the formation procedure, the cells are charged for the first time.…”

Section: Baseline Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2020

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All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSB) are promising candidates for future energy storage. However, only a little is known about the manufacturing costs for industrial production. Herein, a detailed bottom‐up calculation is performed to estimate the required investment and to facilitate comparison with conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Results indicate that sulfide‐based ASSBs can indeed be competitive if the material compatibility issues can be solved and production is successfully scaled. In contrast, oxide‐based ASSBs will probably not be able to compete if cost is the decisive factor. A sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the inert gas atmosphere required for sulfide‐based ASSBs contributes little to the overall cell costs, whereas the sintering step for oxide‐based ASSBs is highly critical. The calculation also indicates that in‐house manufacturing of the lithium anode will be cheaper than purchasing the lithium foil externally if the cell producer has sufficient processing know‐how. Finally, the aerosol deposition method is investigated, revealing that a deposition rate far above 1000 mm3 min−1 would be required to make the technology economically feasible in ASSB production. The results of this study will help researchers and industry prioritize development efforts and push the scale‐up of future high‐energy batteries with improved performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Baseline Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…[ 181 ] Please note that excess electrolyte does not support lithium‐ion storage capacity, but adds weight of inactive components to the cell, which leads to a reduction in energy density. [ 182 ] Hence, especially for application‐oriented cells, an optimized amount of electrolyte regarding energy density should be determined (although varied amounts of electrolyte might be optimal for other quality parameters). [ 179 ] Therefore, a direct comparison of the electrolyte‐filling process and its impact on cell performance for lab‐made and industrially produced cells is limited.…”

Section: Challenges In the Upscaling Of Battery Cell Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pilot Lines in Bridging the Gap Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Production for Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells Relevant to Sustainable Electromobility: A Review

2021

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Despite intensive research activities on lithium‐ion technology, particularly in the past five decades, the technological background for automotive lithium‐ion battery mass production in Europe is rather young and not yet ready to meet requirements of automobile manufacturers. In light of the strong increase in electromobility, bridging this gap between fundamental research and industrial production is mandatory to keep the value chain of automobile manufacture in European countries. Challenges in know‐how transfer from lab scale to industry scale arise from different product configurations and objectives. Lab scale focuses primarily on material development and screening, utilizes small‐sized half‐cell or single‐layered designs with one‐side‐coated electrodes, and applies manually operated, discontinuous equipment, whereas industry focuses on optimized trade‐offs between throughput, quality, and costs. Market‐relevant cells contain usually double‐side‐coated electrodes with comparatively higher areal capacities, assembled into multilayered configurations. Mass production is conducted through automated, continuous processes including roll‐to‐roll manufacturing and consecutive pick‐and‐place operations. Inevitably, standard laboratory conditions do not allow for prediction of either optimized mass‐production process parameters nor physicochemical characteristics of final products. Hence, this Review aims to identify challenges in transferring lab‐scale results to industry with special focus on pilot lines as intermediate step between the different technological levels.

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“…[ 148 ] By varying the volumetric factors of electrolyte or the electrolyte quantity, the capacity and capacity retention of lithium‐ion batteries were investigated (as shown in Figure 20d). [ 149 ] It was found that too little electrolyte leads to a loss of capacity and lifetime, whereas too much electrolyte reduces the energy density. If there is a lack of electrolyte, the voltage drops sharply already at the beginning of the discharging process.…”

Section: Transforming Materials Into Practicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HFR and EIS might be good tools to detect the redistribution of the electrolyte within the pores. [ 149 ]…”

Section: Transforming Materials Into Practicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hou

Yang

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Although tremendous efforts have been devoted into research and development of materials science and engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state physics in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) over the last 30 years, the critical technologies and applied science underneath manufacturing and processing seem very seldom reported, which is further manifested by the realization of the gap between academy and industry within recent years. In this paper, the intrinsic relationship of materials‐processing‐performance is highlighted by thoroughly reviewing the bridge effect of processing, transport, and transfer at different scales across electrode, heterogeneous thermodynamics, and kinetics during charge‐discharge cycles, the tradeoff between areal capacity and rate performance, and some practical novel electrode designs. Based on very limited open literature, the fundamental basics and sciences of the state of art production steps including slurry mixing, coating, drying, calendering, electrolyte filling, and formatting are comprehensively discussed. Through correlating with the materials design and development, the electrode compositions and structures, and the bridge effect of processing, the in‐depth understanding of the importance of individual steps and their interactions are provided to shed light on further improvement on materials and manufacturing for LIBs.

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Influence of the Electrolyte Quantity on Lithium-Ion Cells

Cited by 93 publications

References 32 publications

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

The Role of Pilot Lines in Bridging the Gap Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Production for Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells Relevant to Sustainable Electromobility: A Review

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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