Influence of the host on three sub‐Arctic annual facultative root hemiparasites

Seel, W. E.; Press, M. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03871.x

Cited by 88 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may be related to the fact that there were no consistent eects of the dierent hosts on the nitrogen concentration of the parasite. In contrast, strong stimulation of parasite growth by legumes has been found for a number of hemiparasites and been related to greater availability of nitrogen in leguminous hosts (Govier et al 1967;Seel and Press 1993; but see Marvier 1996). Nitrogen concentration of the parasite was also not signi®cantly increased by high nutrient levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Hemiparasites growing with nitrogenrich hosts (e.g. legumes) often have greater concentrations of nitrogen, higher rates of photosynthesis and better growth than those growing with nitrogen-poor hosts (Seel and Press 1993;but see Marvier 1996). The loss of water and solutes to a hemiparasite can strongly reduce the growth of the host plants, especially when nutrients are limiting (Malcolm 1964;Gibson and Watkinson 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of a root hemiparasite to elevated CO 2 depends on host type and soil nutrients

Matthies

Egli

1999

Oecologia

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Although elevated CO may affect various forms of ecological interactions, the effect of elevated CO on interactions between parasitic plants and their hosts has received little attention. We examined the effect of elevated CO (590 μl l) at two nutrient (NPK) levels on the interactions of the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus with two of its hosts, the grass Lolium perenne and the legume Medicago sativa. To study possible effects on parasite mediation of competition between hosts, the parasite was grown with each host separately and with both hosts simultaneously. In addition, all combinations of hosts were grown without the parasite. Both the parasite and the host plants responded to elevated CO with increased growth, but only at high nutrient levels. The CO response of the hemiparasite was stronger than that of the hosts, but depended on the host species available. With L. perenne and M. sativa simultaneously available as hosts, the biomass of the parasite grown at elevated CO was 5.7 times that of parasites grown at ambient CO. Nitrogen concentration in the parasites was not influenced by the treatments and was not related to parasite biomass. The presence of the parasite strongly reduced both the biomass of the hosts and total productivity of the system. This effect was much stronger at low than at high nutrient levels, but was not influenced by CO level. Elevated CO did not influence the competitive balance between the two different hosts grown in mixture. The results of this study support the hypothesis that hemiparasites may influence community structure and suggest that these effects are robust to changes in CO concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a root hemiparasite to elevated CO 2 depends on host type and soil nutrients

Matthies

Egli

1999

Oecologia

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“…Increased nitrogen availability may be responsible for the great increase in seed production. Several other studies have found that hemiparasites are most successful on leguminous hosts compared to nonlegumes or grasses (Gibson and Watkinson 1989, Seel and Press 1993, Matthies 1996, Press and Seel 1996, Marvier 1998a, Adler 2002, suggesting that hemiparasites may be nitrogenlimited. In addition to this direct effect, resources from lupine hosts may be responsible for strong differences in pollinator attraction via increased floral display (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Increased parasite performance on certain host species may be due in part to greater availability of resources from those hosts. For example, legumes differ from nonleguminous hosts in their ability to fix nitrogen (via association with symbionts) and the greater performance of many parasitic plants on leguminous hosts is generally attributed to increased nitrogen availability (Gibson and Watkinson 1989, Seel and Press 1993, Matthies 1996, Press and Seel 1996, Marvier 1998a, Adler 2002. In addition to direct effects, host species may also indirectly affect parasitic plant success by altering interactions between the parasite and its community of mutualists, such as pollinators, and antagonists, such as herbivores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Species Affects Herbivory, Pollination, and Reproduction in Experiments With Parasitic Castilleja

Adler

2003

Ecology

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Abstract. The relative performance of a parasitic plant on different host species will depend on both direct and indirect effects of hosts on parasite interactions with mutualists and antagonists. Host species could affect parasite interactions with both herbivores and pollinators due to the uptake of defensive compounds and nutrients. However, the effects of different host species on parasitic plants have not been experimentally tested in the field. I determined the effect of two native host species, an alkaloid-producing, nitrogen-fixing lupine and non-alkaloid, non-nitrogen-fixing grass, on herbivory, pollination, and reproduction of the hemiparasitic plant Indian paintbrush (Castilleja indivisa). Within this experiment, I manipulated herbivory and pollination to determine their effects on Indian paintbrush reproduction. Indian paintbrush parasitizing lupines produced three times as many seeds and were more attractive to pollinators than Indian paintbrush parasitizing grass. However, there was no effect of host species on early season or floral herbivory. In addition, MANOVA revealed that host species influenced the response of Indian paintbrush female reproduction to experimentally manipulated herbivory and pollination treatments. Thus, the effect of hosts on parasites is mediated by interactions with herbivores and pollinators, and both direct and indirect effects may shape the selective pressures mediating interactions between hosts and parasites.

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“…The hemiparasites show considerable host-dependent variation in their light saturated rates of photosynthesis (Fig. 1 a, b, c, see also Seel et al. 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of the host on three sub‐Arctic annual facultative root hemiparasites

Seel

Press

1994

New Phytologist

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Light saturated rates of photosynthesis (.\^J, water use-efficiency (WUE) and photosynthetic nitrogen useefficiency (PNUE) were measured for three sub-Arctic annual root hemiparasites {Rhinanthus minor L., Euphrasia frigida L. and Melampyrum sylvaticum L.) growing in the Tornetrask region of Swedish Lapland. Photosynthesis and resource use-efficiency of the hemiparasites were dependent on (i) attachment to a host and (ii) the nature of the host to which attachment was made. The highest rates of A^^^ were recorded in those hemiparasites attached to legumes and the lowest rates were recorded in those which were not attached to a host. Intermediate rates of A^^^ were recorded in hemiparasites attached to grasses. A^^^ and leaf conductance were more closely related in attached than in unattached hemiparasites. WL'E was greatest in those hemiparasites attached to legumes, but was not a simple function of nitrogen supply, PNUE was greater in attached than in unattached plants, but was inversely related to the total-nitrogen concentration of the leaves. In an earlier paper we demonstrated that the growth of these hemiparasites is highly host dependent. Here we demonstrate that tbe carbon, nitrogen and water relations of these plants are also highly host dependent.

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Influence of the host on three sub‐Arctic annual facultative root hemiparasites

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

Response of a root hemiparasite to elevated CO 2 depends on host type and soil nutrients

Response of a root hemiparasite to elevated CO 2 depends on host type and soil nutrients

Host Species Affects Herbivory, Pollination, and Reproduction in Experiments With Parasitic Castilleja

Influence of the host on three sub‐Arctic annual facultative root hemiparasites

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